Smooth door snail
| Smooth door snail | ||||||||||||
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Smooth door snail ( Cochlodina laminata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cochlodina laminata | ||||||||||||
| ( Montagu , 1803) |
The Smooth door snail ( Cochlodina laminata ) is a snail from the family of the door snails (Clausiliidae).
features
The case is bulbous, spindle-shaped and left-handed. It measures 15 to 17 mm in height and is up to 4 mm thick. Up to the adult stage eleven to twelve slightly arched passages are formed, the apex is blunt and rounded. The surface of the case shows fine, somewhat irregular growth stripes. The color varies from yellowish brown to reddish brown to dark brown. When fresh, the shell is shiny and slightly translucent. The housings of older specimens, however, are often corroded and show irregularly distributed whitish spots. These housings are also no longer translucent. The case mouth is egg-shaped, often roughly pointed towards the top. The edge of the mouth is bent outwards and thickened by a white lip. In the parietal region it lies close to the previous passage. Inside the mouth there are clearly developed upper and lower lamellae and three to four weakly developed palatal folds. Two of these folds can usually be seen clearly in the mouth. A moon fold is missing, just as often a fold of the palate, which, however, can also be weak.
Geographical occurrence and habitat
The smooth door snail is widespread in Europe and relatively common in corresponding habitats. However, it becomes rarer towards the west, for example in western France, the British Isles and Ireland . It is also largely absent in the Netherlands and the directly adjacent regions of northern Germany , as well as in most of Scandinavia . There it can only be found in the southern part. In the south the distribution area extends to northern Spain, on the Apennine peninsula to Calabria and on the Balkan peninsula to northern Greece. In the east the distribution area extends to the Caucasus .
It prefers shady, mostly moist, but occasionally dry habitats in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests and bushes. It lives there, indifferent to rocks, under litter, on rocks, stones, tree stumps and modern wood, often in larger colonies. It often climbs up tree trunks in rain and damp weather. In the Alps the species can be found up to 2300 m above sea level .
Way of life
The smooth door snail feeds on withered parts of plants, occasionally also on mushrooms. Like all door snails , the animals are hermaphrodites that fertilize one another. Mating takes place in August. Only about 10 to 15, max. 17 very yolk-rich eggs are formed, which are deposited in the litter. The eggs are round, white, and measure 2 mm in diameter. Depending on the weather and humidity, the finished young hatch in late September to early October. They are fully grown after two years and live, at least under breeding conditions, for up to five years.
Systematics
The species was first scientifically described by George Montagu in 1803 under the name Turbo laminatus . The species had long been listed under the synonym Marpessa laminata (Montagu).
The smooth door snail is divided by some authors into subspecies :
- Cochlodina laminata kaeufeli Gittenberger, 1967
- Cochlodina laminata klemmi Gittenberger, 1967
- Cochlodina laminata insulana Gittenberger, 1967
- Cochlodina laminata partita (Westerlund, 1892)
All four subspecies come from south-eastern Europe . Cochlodina laminata kaeufeli Gittenberger, 1967 was also found in Carinthia . Occasionally a slightly larger population in the Alps is excreted as forma or subspecies major Schmidt, 1868.
Hazard and protection
The species is listed as endangered in the Red List of Endangered Mollusks in Berlin.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ RAD Cameron: Life histories, density and biomass in a woodland snail community. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 48: 159-166, 1982 abstract
- ↑ Edmund Gittenberger: Cochlodina laminata (Montagu) in its southeastern distribution area. Archives for Molluscology, 96: 25-37, 1967
- ↑ IK Dedov: Annotated check-list of the Bulgarian terrestrial snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Linz biol. Contribution, 30 (2): 745-765, Linz 1998 PDF
- ^ Alois Kofler: Addendum to the Faunistics of the molluscs (Mollusca) in East Tyrol. Ber. nat.-med. Ver. Innsbruck, 64: 67-87, Innsbruck, 1977 PDF
- ↑ Erich Kreissl and Brunhilde Stummer: Finds of Helicodiscus singleyanus inermis HB BAKER from Styria, with a list of species from the ruins of Gleichenberg (Moll., Gastropoda). Mitt. Dept. Zool. Landesmus. Joanneum, 39: 47-49, Graz 1986 PDF
- ↑ E. Hackenberg and V. Herdam: Red List of Endangered Molluscs - Snails & Mussels (Mollusca - Gastropoda & Bivalvia) in Berlin. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Urban Development (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Plants and Animals of Berlin, CD-ROM, 2005 PDF ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was used automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8
- Hartmut Nordsieck: Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. 214 pp., ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2007. ISBN 978-3-939767-07-7
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails . Quelle & Meyer Verlag 2014, 352 pp. ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4
