Cohors III Nerviorum

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The inscription ( RIB 1691 ) dedicated by Titus Caninius

The Cohors III Nerviorum ( German  3rd cohort of the Nervier ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , an inscription, a lead seal and the Notitia dignitatum . In the Notitia dignitatum it is referred to as Cohors tertia Nerviorum .

Name components

  • III : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the third ( Latin tertia ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors tertia ...
  • Nerviorum : the Nervier . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Nervier tribe in the Roman province of Gallia Belgica when the unit was established .
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in the military diploma of 140/154.

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 122-135 AD.

The unit may have been relocated to the province of Britannia around 71 under Quintus Petillius Cerialis . The first evidence in Britain is based on a diploma dated 122. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 124 to 135, prove unity in the same province.

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the name Cohors tertia Nerviorum for the Alione site . It was part of the troops under the command of the Dux Britanniarum under the direction of a tribune .

Locations

Cohort locations in Britannia may have been:

  • Vindolanda (Chesterholm): an inscription was found here.

Members of the cohort

One (presumed) commander of the unit, [T (itus)] Caninius, is known from an inscription.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors III Nerviorum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ John Spaul assigns the military diploma of 140/154 to the Cohors IIII Nerviorum . The reading of the EDCS is [et I] III (?) Nervi (orum) c (ivium) R (omanorum) . According to Margaret M. Roxan (1994), the unit in the (incompletely preserved) diploma is either the Cohors III Nerviorum or the Cohors IIII Nerviorum . It is therefore uncertain whether the Cohors III Nerviorum was awarded the distinction civium Romanorum .
  2. ↑ According to John Spaul, the unit in the inscription could also be the Cohors II Nerviorum or the Cohors IIII Gallorum . The reading of the EDCS and the RIB is [coh (ors) III Nervioru] m .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Roman Military Diplomas 1985–1993 (= University of London, Institute of Archeology. Occasional Publications, Volume 14). Institute of Archeology, London 1994, p. 290, no.168, note 6.
  2. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 207-208, 221.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 122 ( CIL 16, 69 ), 124 ( CIL 16, 70 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 ), 135 ( CIL 16, 82 ) and 140/154 ( RMD 3, 168 ). Undated military diploma ( ZPE-162-232 ).
  5. ↑ Dave Went and Stewart Ainsworth: Whitley Castle Tynedale, Northumberland. An archaeological investigation of the Roman fort and its setting English Heritage NGR: NY 6949-4868 ISSN 1749-8775 89-2009, pp. 17-18 ( PDF ).
  6. ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Occidentis XL ( online ).
  7. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Pre-Severan auxilia named in the Notitia Dignitatum In: British Archaeological Reports , Volume 15 (1976), pp. 59-80, here p. 73.
  8. ↑ Bleisiegel from Trimontium ( RIB 2411.142 )
  9. ↑ a b Inscription from Vindolanda ( RIB 1691 ).