Cohors II Claudia

The Cohors II Claudia (or Claudiana ) ( German 2nd cohort the Claudian ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

Claudia or Claudiana : the Claudian. The variant Claudiana appears in an inscription (IGR IV 642) and in a papyrus . Hence, possibly one of the unit's first commanders was an otherwise unknown Claudius , after whom the cohort was named.

Since there is no evidence of the additions milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a pure infantry cohort, a Cohors (quingenaria) peditata . The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Galatia et Cappadocia and Cappadocia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 99-101.

The beginnings of the unit and its early history are unknown; possibly it was set up together with the Cohors I Claudia . The first evidence of unity in the province of Galatia et Cappadocia is based on a military diploma dated to AD 99. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Cappadocia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 101, proves unity in the same province. The cohort was not among the units that Arrian mobilized for his campaign against the Alans (Ἔκταξις κατὰ Ἀλάνοον) around 135.

The last evidence of the cohort is based on a papyrus dated 268/270.

Locations

Cohort locations in Cappadocia may have been:

Apsaros ( Gonio ): A papyrus indicates the presence of the cohort in Apsaros . In addition, bricks with the stamp COH II ( AE 2002, 01489aa , AE 2002, 01489ab ) were found here.
Temenothyrae : One of the two inscriptions in honor of L. Egnatius Quartus was found here.

Members of the cohort

A commander of the cohort, Lucius Egnatius Quartus , a prefect , is known by two inscriptions in the Greek language. He also held an extraordinary command (corresponding to a Praepositus ) over the Ala I Augusta Gemina Colonorum and was prefect of an Ala Augusta .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here p. 613 ( online ).
↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The fourth diploma for the province of Galatia et Cappadocia, issued in 99 in: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy. Volume 192 (2014), pp. 238–246, here pp. 243–244.
↑ Military diploma of the year 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ).
↑ ^a ^b Joachim Ott: The commanders of the Noric auxiliary troops. In: Tyche Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 10 (1995), pp. 107-138, here pp. 119-120 ( PDF ).
^ Julian Bennett: The Regular Roman Auxiliary Regiments Formed from the Provinces of Asia Minor , ANATOLICA XXXVII, 2011, pp. 251-274 here p. 258 ( PDF p. 8 ).

[mas-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here p. 613 ( online ).

[we-2] Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The fourth diploma for the province of Galatia et Cappadocia, issued in 99 in: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy. Volume 192 (2014), pp. 238–246, here pp. 243–244.

[MD-3] Military diploma of the year 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ).

[jo-4] Joachim Ott: The commanders of the Noric auxiliary troops. In: Tyche Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 10 (1995), pp. 107-138, here pp. 119-120 ( PDF ).

[jb-5] Julian Bennett: The Regular Roman Auxiliary Regiments Formed from the Provinces of Asia Minor , ANATOLICA XXXVII, 2011, pp. 251-274 here p. 258 ( PDF p. 8 ).