Cohors I Claudia

The Cohors I Claudia [milliaria] [equitata] ( German 1st cohort the Claudian [1000 men] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

Claudia : the Claudian.

milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it is an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men.

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( AE 1934, 107 , CIL 9, 2958 ).

The unit was either a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata with a nominal strength of 600 men (480 infantry and 120 riders), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 riders each, or a Cohors milliaria equitata with a nominal strength of 1040 men (800 infantry and 240 horsemen), consisting of 10 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Galatia et Cappadocia and Cappadocia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 99-101.

The beginnings of the unit and its early history are unknown; possibly it was set up together with the Cohors II Claudia . The first evidence of unity in the province of Galatia et Cappadocia is based on a military diploma dated to AD 99. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Cappadocia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 101, proves unity in the same province. The cohort was not among the units that Arrian mobilized for his campaign against the Alans (Ἔκταξις κατὰ Ἀλάνοον) around 135. It was probably expanded to a Cohors milliaria equitata after 160 .

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the designation Cohors prima Claudia equitata for the Sebastopolis location. She was part of the troops under the command of the Dux Armeniae .

Locations

Cohort locations in Cappadocia may have been:

Sebastopolis: The unit is listed in the Notitia dignitatum for this location.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

[] Obidiu [s] [], a tribune ( CIL 9, 2958 ). He was also prefect of the Cohors II Civium Romanorum .
T (itus) Iul (ius) Sat [ur] ninus, a prefect ( AE 1934, 107 )

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The addition milliaria does not appear in the inscriptions, nor is it listed in the Notitia dignitatum . Michael Alexander Speidel suspects, however, that the unit was expanded from a Cohors quingenaria to a Cohors milliaria after 160 . In the inscription ( CIL 9, 2958 ) Obidius indicates his rank as commander of the cohort with tribune, while Titus Iulius Saturninus still indicates his rank as prefect in the inscription dated 157/161 ( AE 1934, 107 ).

Individual evidence

↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The fourth diploma for the province of Galatia et Cappadocia, issued in 99 in: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy. Volume 192 (2014), pp. 238–246, here pp. 243–244.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here pp. 612–613 ( online ).
↑ Military diploma of the year 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ).
^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXVIII ( online ).

[NA-1] The addition milliaria does not appear in the inscriptions, nor is it listed in the Notitia dignitatum . Michael Alexander Speidel suspects, however, that the unit was expanded from a Cohors quingenaria to a Cohors milliaria after 160 . In the inscription ( CIL 9, 2958 ) Obidius indicates his rank as commander of the cohort with tribune, while Titus Iulius Saturninus still indicates his rank as prefect in the inscription dated 157/161 ( AE 1934, 107 ).

[we-2] Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The fourth diploma for the province of Galatia et Cappadocia, issued in 99 in: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy. Volume 192 (2014), pp. 238–246, here pp. 243–244.

[mas-3] Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here pp. 612–613 ( online ).

[MD-4] Military diploma of the year 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ).

[ND-5] Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXVIII ( online ).