Cohors II Civium Romanorum

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The Cohors II Civium Romanorum [equitata] [pia fidelis Domitiana] ( German  2nd cohort of Roman citizens [partly mounted] [loyal and loyal to the Domitian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

  • II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors secunda ...
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from Roman citizens when the unit was established.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in three inscriptions.
  • pia fidelis ( Domitiana ): loyal and faithful. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition appears in several inscriptions.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Germania inferior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 80 to 153/154 AD.

There are various conjectures about the beginnings of the unit. The first evidence of unity in Germania is based on a diploma dated 80. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. The cohort may be listed on two military degrees dated 81/84 and 95/96. Further diplomas, which are dated from 98 to 153/154, prove the unity in Germania inferior .

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 171/190.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania inferior were possibly:

An inscription shows that soldiers of the unit worked in quarries near Brohl .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ The assignment to the unit is presumed, but is not certain.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( AE 1939, 129 , CIL 8, 2623 , CIL 8, 18217 ).
  2. ^ Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250, here pp. 237, 240, 246, 248 ( PDF ).
  3. ↑ Inscriptions with pia fidelis ( AE 1939, 129 , CIL 8, 2623 , CIL 8, 18217 ) and pia fidelis Domitiana ( CIL 13, 7722 ).
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 158 , RMM 00004 ), 81/84 ( ZPE-143-205 ), 95/96 ( ZPE-143-211 ), 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 00009 ) , 127 ( RMD 4, 239 ), 150 ( ZPE-206-207 ), 152 ( ZPE-148-262 ) and 153/154 ( RMM 00035 ).
  5. ↑ a b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 19-20, 28.
  6. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 158 Tables 2 ( PDF ).
  7. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma of the year 98 AD from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch , 2000/50, pp. 31-72, here p. 51 ( Online ).
  8. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Sex. Iulius Frontinus as a legate of the Lower Germanic army. On new military diplomas in the Germanic provinces In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 143 (2003), pp. 205–219, here pp. 206, 208, 214–215 ( online ).
  9. ↑ a b Inscription from Carvium ( AE 1939, 129 ).
  10. ↑ Inscription from Steincheshof ( CIL 13, 8699 ).
  11. ↑ Michael Drechsler: New research on the Steincheshof fort and the Rhine border between Xanten and Nijmegen In: Peter Henrich (Ed.): The Limes in Raetia, Upper and Lower Germany from the 1st to 4th centuries . Contributions to the World Heritage Limes 8, Theiss, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-8062-3059-8 , pp. 172-185., Here p. 181 ( online ).
  12. ^ Inscription from Brohl ( CIL 13, 7722 ).