Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia)
The Cohors II Gallorum [Severiana Alexandriana] [veterana] [equitata] ( German 2nd cohort of the Gauls [the Severian Alexandrian] [the veteran] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.
Name components
- Gallorum : the Gaul . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis when the unit was established . The following inscription can be dated to 178 AD. (RIB 917)
I (ovi) O (ptimo) M (aximo)
coh (ors)
II Gal (lorum) eq (uitata)
T (itus) Dom [i] ti-
us H [i] eron
d (omo) Nicomedia
praef (ectus)
- Severiana Alexandriana : the Severian Alexandrian. An honorary title that refers to Severus Alexander (222-235). The addition is suspected in the inscription (RIB 929) at a point that was subsequently chiseled out.
- veterana : the long-serving or the well-tried. According to John Spaul , the addition was usually given whenever a new unit with the same name was stationed in a province. However, this is not the case in this case, so that it is probably the longest-serving cohort of all units stationed in the province of Britannia . The addition appears in the diploma of 98 and in the diplomas of 178.
- equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( CIL 11, 1303 , RIB 929).
Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.
history
The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . The first evidence of unity in Britannia is based on a military diploma dated to AD 98. The diploma lists the cohort as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 122 to 178, prove unity in the same province.
The last evidence of the cohort in Britannia is based on the inscription (RIB 915) which is dated to 244/249.
Locations
The locations of the cohort in Britannia were:
- Voreda ( Old Penrith ): Inscriptions prove the presence (of parts) of the cohort in Voreda between 178 and 244/249.
Members of the cohort
The following members of the cohort are known:
Commanders
Others
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Further cohorts with the designation Cohors II Gallorum
There were at least three other cohorts with this designation:
- the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) . She is documented by military diplomas from 92 to 167/168 and was stationed in the provinces of Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior .
- the Cohors II Gallorum Macedonica . She is documented by diplomas from 93 to 161 and was stationed in the provinces of Macedonia , Moesia Superior and Dacia.
- the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica . It is evidenced by diplomas from 109 to 179 and was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia , Dacia and Moesia Superior.
Military diplomas also prove that a Cohors II Gallorum was stationed in the provinces of Mauretania Caesariensis and Raetia . The cohort in Raetia was stationed in Sorviodurum between 75/85 and 90 AD . This unit may be the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) or the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) .
See also
Web links
- Cohors Secundae Gallorum. roman-britain.co.uk, accessed December 16, 2016 .
- 2518 - Cohors II Gallorum. Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB), accessed September 26, 2017 .
Remarks
- ↑ The scenario given here assumes that the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) was continuously stationed in the province of Britannia from 98 to 249 . John Spaul assumes that the cohort was first stationed in the provinces of Moesia Inferior and Mauretania Caesariensis and then in Britannia. Jörg Scheuerbrandt and Ovidiu Țentea / Florian Matei-Popescu , on the other hand, assume that the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) stationed in Moesia Inferior is an independent unit that was later relocated to Dacia Inferior. John Spaul on the other hand assigns the military diplomas from Moesia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) and the diplomas from Dacia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , Pp. 151-152, 157-158
- ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF p. 159 ).
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 98 ( ZPE-189-233 ), 122 ( CIL 16, 69 , AE 2008, 800 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 ), 130/131 ( AE 2006, 1836 ), 145 ( CIL 16, 93 ), 158 ( RMD 5, 420 ) and 178 ( RMD 3, 184 , RMD 4, 293 , RMD 4, 294 , AE 2006, 1837 ).
- ↑ Mauretania Caesariensis: Military diploma of the year 107 ( CIL 16, 56 ) and Raetia: Military diploma of the year 86 ( AE 2007, 1782 ).
- ↑ Farkas István Gergő: The Roman Army in Raetia Dissertation, University of Pécs Faculty of Humanities 2015, pp. 153–154 ( PDF 19.1 MB, pp. 156–157 ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ).
