Penrith (Cumbria)
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| Basic data | |||
| status | |||
| Longitude | −2.7512 | ||
| Latitude | 54.6675 | ||
| region | North West England | ||
| Administration County | Eden | ||
| Administrative headquarters | |||
| surface | km² | ||
| population | 19,833 ( 2004 , approx.) | ||
| ONS code | NY515305 | ||
| prefix | 01992 TL | ||
| Car sign | |||
| Post Code | CA11, CA10 | ||
| Website | |||
Penrith is a city in the English county of Cumbria . It is north of the Eamont in the Eden Valley and less than three miles outside the border of the Lake District National Park . The city is surrounded by the Lowther and Petteril rivers . Petteril and Eamont are partially connected by an artificial watercourse that runs through the town center and is known as Thacka Beck, which has supplied the town with water for several centuries.
The local authority is the Eden District Council , which can be found in the city and was previously the administrative seat of both the urban Penrith Urban District and the rural Penrith Rural District . Penrith has no town council of its own and is the second smallest non-parish after Berwick-upon-Tweed .
Meaning of the name Penrith
The name Penrith comes from Cumbrian , a Celtic language spoken in Cumbria until the 11th century . There are two opinions about the meaning of the name. One explains the origin of the name from chief ford , in German "Häuptlingsfurt"; the other from red hill , in English "red mountain". There is some evidence that the second interpretation is the right one.
The problem with the “Chieftain's Ford” theory is twofold: First, the closest crossing is more than one and a half kilometers from the original Penrith settlement. Second, the name is not associated with any Celtic syntax. The Celtic languages often use the reversed word order for place names. This means that the general expression is placed in front of the special identifier. If Penrith had the meaning of “Häuplingsfurt”, it would mean that the Cumbrians would have given up their naming procedures and put the partial names pen and rhyd together in an arrangement like one does in English.
The “red hill” theory fits better. First, it respects the Celtic word structure in the sense of "red hill". Second, it respects the local conditions. This means that it identifies something on site. The name Red Hill is supported by another reference. The modern Welsh name for Penrith is Penrhudd . This also means red hill and is mostly pronounced like the same, albeit rough, eth (ð) sound. Next to Penrith there is a place called Penruddock , which is also interpreted as a Cumbrian name, namely as "little red hill", composed of the Cumbrian pen and rhudd and og . There is also an area between Penrith and Penruddock that is still called Redhills .
Architecture and geology
The main church is St. Andrew and was built in the Greek style from 1720 to 1722, attached to an early 13th century tower. In the churchyard there are some medieval crosses and hogback tombstones, also known as the "giant grave " and "giant thumb" and the remains of a Viking cross dated around 920.
The ruins of Penrith Castle (1300–1500) are a tourist attraction and an English World Heritage Site . To the southeast of the city are the largely preserved ruins of Brougham Castle , which is also part of the English World Heritage Site.
To the south of the city, ancient sites are known as the Henge von Mayburgh and King Arthur's Round Table. Both are also under the protection of the world cultural heritage.
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In the center of town is the clock tower erected in 1861 in memory of Philip Musgrave of Edenhall .
Penrith is known for its numerous fountains inside and outside the city and for the festivities on certain days in May. Five kilometers southeast of the city are the "Giant Caves" by the Eamont River , which are dedicated to St. Ninian . The caves are made of lower Permian sandstone , mixed with sedimentary rock and purple-colored slate .
In the north of the city there is also a wooded beacon hill , which is accordingly called "Beacon Hill" . It is believed that it was last used in 1804 in the war against Napoleon . The beacon peak was usually used to warn of impending danger from Scotland. Nowadays the forest area is used commercially and in some areas contains natural forest, which is an attraction for locals and tourists. On a clear day, you can see much of the Eden Valley, the Heath, Pennines and parts of the Northern Lake. It is certain that the Beacon Mountain gave Penrith its name as the "red mountain" .
Transport and arrival
The city is on the M6 and at the junction, the A66, A6 and A686. Penrith has a main railway station , which dates back to 1846 and is called Penrith Northern Lakes , and is served by fast intercity trains from London , Stoke-on-Trent , Manchester and Glasgow .
City personalities
Penrith was the hometown of William Wordsworth's mother . The poet spent part of his childhood in town and attended the local school with his future wife, Mary Hutchinson .
Social reformer and MP Samuel Plimsoll spent part of his childhood in town and lived in Page Hall on Foster Street . The row of houses in Rownhead called Plimsoll Close is named after him.
The poet Mary Wilson and wife of British Prime Minister Harold Wilson lived in Penrith for most of the time her father was pastor of the United Reformed Church on Duke Street .
The novel film "Withnail and I" shows Penrith only briefly, but filmed in and around Shap . The famous "Penrith Tea Room" scene was filmed in Stony Stratford in Milton Keynes .
British actor Charlie Hunnam attended Queen Elizabeth Grammar School in Penrith and lived in the area during his teenage years. He was not respected in the city and had a tense relationship even with the local people. It is not known whether his unpopularity was the reason for his critical distance or whether his critical distance was the reason for his unpolarity.
The Scottish engineer and road builder John Loudon McAdam , who invented the Chausseestrassen, in English macadamized roads , lived for a time in the Cockell House in Townhead. Not far from Cockell House today are Macadam Way and Macadam Gardens
The cricketer Paul Nixon was in Carlisle born, but grew up in the area of Penrith.
Sights in and around Penrith
The ruins of Penrith Castle are accessible for free and close to the city center. The construction of the castle was commissioned by Ralph Neville in the late 14th century to defend itself against attacks by Scottish armies.
The ruins and gardens of Lowther Castle are 15 minutes' drive from Penrith. Its construction was commissioned in 1806 by William, 1st Earl of Lonsdale.
The Stone Circle The Cockpit in Divock Moor near Penrith.
Penrith's proximity to the Lake District makes it an ideal base to explore the national park and its numerous lakes and hiking opportunities. Southwest of Penrith is Ullswater, the second largest lake in the Lake District. There are numerous excursion options, such as the Aira Force waterfall . To the west lies Keswick on nearby Derwent Water . Keswick is more touristy than Penrith.
Penrith Urban District Council
Penrith Urban District Council became the city's authority for 1894 and 1974 and was then replaced by the Eden District Council . The area of responsibility corresponded to the parish of Penrith, although the council was abolished and Penrith became a unincorporated area. In addition to the city, the district also includes the hamlets of Carleton Bowscar , Plumpton Head and parts of the village of Eamont Bridge , which are now suburbs of Penrith.
The district is divided into four following constituencies: North, South, East and West, the borders of which were the basis of local political decisions until the 1990s. From 1906 on, the council had its seat in the Penrith Town Hall, which were originally two houses and are believed to have been designed by Robert Adam . In the 1920s, the council came into possession of Penrith Castle , whose park was converted into a public one and the Castle Hill - or Tyne Close Housing Estate built next to it. Other pre-war townhouses were built in Fair Hill and Castletown , and after World War II built in Scaws , Townhead and Pategill . The district is surrounded on three sides by the Penrith Rural District , on the fourth side it borders on Westmorland and is characterized by the River Eamont.
nightlife
As a small town that thrives on agriculture and the related trade, the nightlife is not particularly pronounced. Like other cities in the area of similar size, Hallen provides the foundation for social entertainment. Penrith was known for countless pubs in the city in the past , when there were still four breweries in the city . Back then there were many more pubs than there are now and the trend towards pub closings continues.
There are also snack bars and restaurants in Penrith. There are two long-established Italian and Sardinian restaurants in town. Penrith also has a Spanish restaurant, three Indian , one Mexican and two Chinese restaurants. There are also numerous pubs that offer local food such as Cumberland Sausage and Lamb Henry . This is also offered by the fast food and fast food restaurants including the Indian and Chinese restaurants.
Amateur theater and musicals are performed at the Penrith Players Theater , Ullswater Community College, and Queen Elizabeth Grammar School .
Penrither dialect
The Penrither dialect is known as Penrithian and is a mixture of the Cumbrian dialect spoken around Penrith and the Edental district.
media
The local newspaper Cumberland and Westmorland Herald is for sale every Saturday. Sections of the Herald will be updated on the website the following Tuesday. The Herald has remained independent but is printed by the CN Groups Printing Works in Carlisle , which also prints the weekly Cumberland News and the evening newspaper News and Star , which also provide news about Penrith. A special edition of the Herald is printed for the Keswick area and is known as the Lake District Herald .
Penrith is also in the ITV and BBC broadcasting areas. Two local Carlisle radio stations broadcast in the Penrith area. They are BBC Radio Cumbria and the independent station CFM .
education and parenting
Penrith has the following school facilities:
Elementary schools
- Brunswick Infants (formerly County Infants)
- Beaconside CE Infants (formerly Scaws Infants School)
- Beaconside CE Junior school
- North Lakes School (formerly Wetheriggs Junior)
- St Catherines Roman Catholic Primary
- Hunter Hall, Primary (Independent)
Secondary schools
- Ullswater Community College (former Ullswater High School)
- Queen Elizabeth Grammar School (QEGS) (selective)
Further and higher education
- The University of Central Lancashire has an out-of-town campus at Newton Rigg.
- Ullswater Community College has a large continuing education and adult education center
Former schools
- Girls National School (now hotel)
- Boys National School or St Andrews School for Boys (demolished)
- National Infants School (now Penrith Playgroup Daycare )
- Robinsons School (children) (now City Museum and Tourist Center)
- County Girls School (now part of the Brunswick Infants later moved to Wetheriggs School)
- County Boys School
- Tynefield Secondary Modern (originally mixed later for girls only)
- Ullswater Secondary Modern (boys only)
- Ullswater & Tynefield merged to form Ullswater High in 1980.
Shopping in Penrith
As a small town, Penrith lives less from the tourism trade, but rather from a mix of well-known chain stores and many small, local, specialized retail stores. As with other cities of similar size, some have gone out of business such as banks, housing associations and travel agents.
Market days are Tuesday and Saturday. On Tuesdays there is a small open market in Great Dockray and Cornmarket , which is merged with the farmers' market in the market place once a month. On Saturdays at the Auction Trade Center along the M6 Junction 40 Cumbria's largest outdoor market takes place. A free bus shuttle service is offered between the auction trading center and the city center on Saturdays.
The main shopping areas are in the center of town in Middlegate , Little Dockray , Devonshire Street / Market Square , Cornmarket , Angel Lane and the Devonshire Arcade and Angel Square pedestrian area with a few shops in Burrowgate , Brunswick Road , Great Dockray and King Street .
Penrith New Squares
For a number of years there have been controversial designs proposed to expand the city center in south Penrith to Southend Road , which is currently used as a park and sports field. In the first stage, these plans were combined with the expansion of the swimming pool into a modern leisure center. The other part of the plans was drawn up by the private property company Lowther Mannelli and included the construction of a new Sainsbury's supermarket, new shopping streets and parking garages. The Penrith New Squares emerged from the design . The name was chosen because the new shops are grouped around two squares.
The inner city extension opened in June 2013.
Penrith areas
Castletown
Castletown is an area to the west of the railway line and includes the Gilwilly industrial area in full and the Penrith and Myers industrial areas partially. The area - which was originally built to accommodate workers on the railway line - consists largely of row houses that were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In recent years, however, modern buildings such as Greystoke Park , Castletown Drive and Castle Park have sprung up .
The Castle Inn is the only pub in this suburb. It was a post office branch for the past few years. The Coop store and other stores are closed forever. Castleton had its own church until the 1970s. It was St. Saviors on Brougham Street that served as the chapel of Penrith's St. Andrew Parish for simple celebrations.
The suburb has a community center in the amusement park near Gilwilly and celebrated annually with a parade through Penrith and a gala evening. In the middle of the 20th century, elections for the mayor of Castletown were held at The Castle Pub . There has long been rivalry between the Castletown and Townhead boroughs.
Townhead
Townhead is the general name for the northern metropolitan area, which includes the Fair Hill district and Voreda Park . The main area is built on both sides of the A6 and climbs the mountain towards Carlisle. The street was also called Stricklandgate or Scotland Road , but older maps from the mid-19th century referred to it as Town Head . Town Head was one of the eight boroughs or boroughs until the former parish of Penrith was divided into the other areas Middlegate , Burrowgate , Sandgate , Dockray , Netherend , Plumpton Head and Carleton . There are several small retail stores: a fish shop, an Indian restaurant, two gas stations, a secondary post office and a pub called The Gray Bull .
New Streets
The "New Streets" is the name for an area between Townhead and Scaws on the Beacon Fell side , which consists of several sloping streets and row houses, which were mostly freestanding built uphill in the late 19th century. The streets are from north to south Graham Street , Wordsworth Street , Lowther Street and Arthur Street . The term New Streets is sometimes expanded to include Fell Lane (which is currently the former East Street and runs from Penrith Town to Langwathby ) and Croft Avenue and Croft Terrace (dating from 1930). However, they actually exclude the late construction period of the latter streets from the term. At the foot of the road is Drovers Lane , which is divided along the entire route into Wordsworth Terrace , Lowther Terrace , Bath Terrace , Arthur Terrace , Lonsdale Terrace and finally Meeting House Lane . Along the top of the streets is beacon edge with great views of the city and towards the lake district. Until the turn of the 20th century, Beacon Edge was still known as Beacon Road . Some of the streets uphill from Beacon Fell connect streets like Beacon Street to the housing developments that have been built in the gaps that have emerged between the streets. The hill side is also known as the burial place for the numerous victims of the epidemics that have struck down Penrith over and over again over the centuries. There are also areas that took the former place in their agricultural names. The now forested area on Felly Lane is still known as the Pinfold and was used to hold stray pets until their owners were fined to release them. A path leading out of Beacon Edge is still known as Intack Lane (which means a path to a farm field). Most of the fields that end with 'intack' used to be God's fields, i.e. cemeteries in Penrith.
Scaws
Scaws Manor was the first building the Penrith Urban District Council built immediately after World War II in what was last known as The Flatt Field, which was also formed from parts of the Lowther Manor. The Scaws Farm is now known as the Coldspring Farm . The name was changed because there was a murder on the farm. In recent years, some private houses have been built on the higher parts of the lands. Kindergarten and elementary school can be found in the center of the estate, which for a while had three small shops and a laundromat.
Carleton
Carleton Village itself is a narrow row of houses on one side of the A686, which partially formed the border of the town's development. At the junction of the A686 and Carleton Road is a building that was known as The Cross Keys Inn until 2004 .
Across the street and west of Carleton Road is High Carleton , a large housing estate that began in the early 1960s and is still growing. The settlement is divided into the Frenchfield Way / Gardens area , the original area of High Carleton , Carleton Park or Parklands , Carleton Meadows and Carleton Heights . Most of the streets in this area are named for trees or plants such as Oak Road , Sycamore Drive , Juniper Way . A small stream flows through the settlement. The Oal Road connects Carleton with Meadow Croft and Scaws . To the west of High Carleton is Winters Park , which is where the Penrith Rugby Union Football Club has its training grounds and where Carleton Hall has its allotment area. Carleton Hall is the headquarters of the Cumbria Police Force.
In Frenchfield in the south of Carleton Village towards Brougham Castle is the private Hunter Hall preparatory school and the new district council's own sports areas.
Pategill
Carleton is bordered by the Pategill settlement, which was built as a council estate in the 1960s. Most of the houses are owned by housing associations. Two streets in the settlement, named Prince Charles Close and Jubilee Close , were inaugurated by Prince Charles in 1977. The center of the settlement can only be reached on foot and has a small general store.
Wetheriggs
The areas of Wetheriggs , Skirsgill and Castle Hill or Tyne Close were the first settlements planned by the Urban District Council in the 1920s. The land was formerly known as Scumshaw and the first private homes were built on Holme Riggs Avenue and Skirsgill Gardens before World War II . Further settlement houses were only added from the 1960s and 1970s, when the land between Wetheriggs Lane and Ullswater Road was further developed. In the late 1980s, Clifford Road was only expanded before the two roads Wetheriggs Lane and Ullswater Road were connected and the development of Skirsgill completed.
There are three schools within the area:
- Ullswater Community College,
- North Lakes Junior and
- QEGS.
There used to be a shop at the junction of Huntley Avenue and Clifford Road next to the North Lakes School .
Local government departments
There are six constituencies in Penrith for elections to councils in the Eden District Council:
- Penrith West : Castletown, portions of downtown and townhead.
- Penrith North : Portions of downtown, New Streets, large parts of Townhead and the outlying settlements of Roundthorn, Bowscar and Plumpton Head.
- Penrith South : Wetheriggs, Castle Hill, a small part of the town center, parts of Eamont Bridge and parts of the Bridge Lane / Victoria Road area.
- Penrith East : Parts of downtown, Scaws, Carleton Park and Barco
- Penrith Carleton (former part of Penrith East): Carleton Village, High Carleton, Carleton Heights, Carleton Hall Gardens
- Penrith Pategill (also former part of Penrith East): Pategill, Carleton Drive / Place, Tynefield Drive / Court and parts of Eamont Bridge .
Sports
Penrith is the home of the Penrith Rugby Union Football Club. Penrith RUFC currently plays in the Powergen North League 1. Home games are played in the Winters Park in Penrith.
literature
- "Ewanion". History of Penrith . Carlisle, 1993, ISBN 0-9519920-3-1 .
- ECCP. Country Walks Around Penrith .
Web links
- Eden District Council
- Illustrated guide to Penrith
- Local tourist information
- Lowther Castle
- Aira Force waterfall
Individual evidence
- ^ Penrith - St Andrew's Church
- ↑ Mayburgh Henge (Eng.)
- ↑ King Arthur's Round Table
- ↑ Chausseestrassen (Eng.)
- ^ North Lakes School
Coordinates: 54 ° 40 ′ N , 2 ° 45 ′ W