Cohors II Mattiacorum

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The Cohors II Mattiacorum [milliaria] [equitata] ( German  2nd cohort of Mattiakers [1000 men] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In the military diplomas of 78 and in inscriptions, it is called Cohors Mattiacorum .

Name components

  • II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors secunda ...
  • Mattiacorum : the Mattiaker . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Germanic Mattiaker tribe when the unit was established .
  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition appears in an inscription. In the inscription, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in an inscription.

The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia , Moesia inferior, and Thracia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 78 to 167/168 AD.

The first evidence in Moesia is based on a diploma dated 78. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 93 to 146, prove the unity in Moesia inferior .

At an unspecified point in time, the unit was relocated to Thracia , where it is first evidenced by a diploma dated 155. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Thracia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 155/157 to 167/168, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated to 219.

Locations

Cohort locations may have been:

  • Barboşi: Bricks with the stamp of unity were found here.
  • Dinogetia (Garvan): an inscription and bricks with the stamp of unity were found here.
  • Sexaginta Prista ( Russian ): an inscription and bricks with the stamp of unity were found here.
  • Sostra ( Lomets ): two inscriptions were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

  • [?], a foot soldier: the diploma of 113 was issued for him.
  • [?], a Decurio ( AE 2005, 1370 )
  • Aelius Dassius: the diploma of 155 was issued to him.
  • Aurelius Diophanes, a horseman ( AE 2005, 1370 )
  • Aurelius Martialius, a horseman ( AE 2005, 1370 )
  • Capito ( CIL 3, 12449 )
  • Clagissa, a foot soldier: the diploma of 138 was issued to him.
  • L (ucius) Spurennius Rufus, a buccinator ( CIL 3, 12437 )
  • T (itus) Flavius ​​Lupus, a foot soldier: a diploma of 146 ( ZPE-195-230b ) was issued to him.

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu, the unit was expanded to a Cohors milliaria between 144 and 198 ; possibly this happened in connection with the relocation of Moesia inferior to Thracia .
  2. ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu, it is also conceivable that the cohort would remain stationed in Sostra throughout while the provincial borders between Moesia inferior and Thracia were changed.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscriptions ( AE 2005, 1370 , CIL 3, 12437 , CIL 6, 37274 )
  2. ↑ inscription with milliaria ( AE 1968, 422 )
  3. ↑ inscription with equitata ( AE 1968, 422 )
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 78 ( CIL 16, 22 , RMD 4, 208 ), 93 ( AE 2014, 1154 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 105 ( AE 2004, 1256 , RMM 00011 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 113 ( Chiron-2009-522 ), 120 ( Chiron-2009-533 , ZPE-207-219 ), 125 ( Chiron-2009-538 , RMD 4, 235 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 241 , ZPE-165 -232 ), 134 ( CIL 16, 78 ), 138 ( CIL 16, 83 ), 145 ( RMD 5, 399 ), 146 ( Chiron-2009-553 , RMD 4, 270 , ZPE-195-230b ), 147 ( Chiron-2008-307 ), 155 ( AE 2004, 1907 ), 155/157 ( ZPE-188-253 ), 157 ( RMD 5, 417 ), 160 ( AE 2013, 2188 ), 161 ( RMD 5, 435 ), 166/168 ( RMD 5, 440 ), 167 ( RMD 5, 439 ) and 167/168 ( RMD 5, 441 ).
  5. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 234, 243-244.
  6. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 166, 168, tables 9, 10 ( PDF ).
  7. ^ Inscription ( AE 1968, 422 )
  8. ^ A b Florian Matei-Popescu: The Roman Army in Moesia Inferior Conphys Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010, ISBN 978-973-750-177-6 , pp. 222-224 ( online ).
  9. ^ Bricks from Barboşi : Stamp COH II MATT ( AE 1939, 84 , AE 1975, 739 ).
  10. ↑ Inscription from Dinogetia ( IScM-05, 00267 )
  11. ^ Bricks from Dinogetia : stamp COH II MATT ( IScM-05, 00260 ).
  12. ↑ Inscription from Sexaginta Prista ( AE 1916, 65 )
  13. ^ Bricks from Sexaginta Prista : Stamp COH II M ( AE 1944, 4 ).
  14. ↑ Inscriptions from Sostra ( AE 2001, 1747 , AE 2001, 1748 , CIL 3, 14428 )
  15. ↑ Werner Eck , Paul Holder , Andreas Pangerl, Peter Weiß : A surprising phenomenon: New witnesses in two diplomas for the troops of Moesia inferior from October 11, 146 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 195 (2015), p. 222 -230, here pp. 224, 226-227 ( online ).