Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Pacensis Brittonum

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The Cohors I Augusta Nerviana (or Nervia ) Pacensis Brittonum [milliaria] ( German  1st cohort Augusta Nerviana Pacensis of the British [1000 men] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is documented by military diplomas. In the diplomas of 111 and 116 it is referred to as Cohors I milliaria Brittonum , in the military diploma of 120/130 as Cohors I milliaria Brittonum Augusta Nerviana Pacensis and in a diploma of 146 as Cohors I Augusta Pacensis Nerviana Brittonum milliaria .

Name components

  • Augusta Nerviana Pacensis : the origin of the name is uncertain.
  • Brittonum : the British. The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various British tribes in the Roman province of Britannia when the unit was established .
  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. In some military diplomas and on brick stamps, the symbol (or the letter M ) is used instead of milliaria .

Since there is no reference to the addition of equitata (partially mounted) to the name , it can be assumed that it is a Cohors milliaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 800 men, consisting of 10 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia inferior and Dacia inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 105 to 146.

The first evidence of unity in Moesia Inferior is based on a diploma dated 105. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. A Cohors I Brittonum milliaria is shown in diplomas for the years 111 and 116 in Moesia Inferior ; presumably it is the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Pacensis Brittonum milliaria .

The cohort took part in Trajan's Second Dacian War. The first evidence of unity in Dacia Inferior is based on a diploma dated 120/130. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 129/130 to 146, prove the unity in the same province.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:

  • Appiaria (Dolno Rjahovo): a brick with the stamp COH I B was found here.
  • Buridava ( Stolniceni ): a brick with the stamp CORSMB was found here.
  • Transmarisca ( Tutrakan ): Bricks marked COH I B were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

  • [] Flo []: he is named on the diploma of 120/130 as a commander.
  • C (aius) Catel [lius] []: he is named on the diploma of 133 as a commander.

Others

  • [?], a foot soldier: the diploma of 120/130 was issued for him.

Other cohorts with the designation Cohors I Brittonum

There were other cohorts with this designation, see Cohors I Brittonum .

See also

literature

  • Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva: Britons abroad: the mobility of Britons and the circulation of British-made objects in the Roman Empire Dissertation, Leiden University 2012 ( online ).
  • Florian Matei-Popescu: Cohortes Augustae Nervianae Pacenses Brittonum In: Editura POROLISSVM Cluj-Napoca, 2010, ISBN 978-973-88250-4-8 , pp. 395-398 ( online ).

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva and Florian Matei-Popescu, historians have suggested that the recruits originally came from the area of Colonia Nervia Glevensium ; the place may have been called Colonia Augusta Nerviana Pacensis at the time of recruitment . Florian Matei-Popescu points out that there were other auxiliary units with the designation Augusta Nerviana , which probably received this designation from Nerva (96-98); this may also be the case here, but in this case the origin of Pacensis would be unclear.
  2. ↑ According to Werner Eck , the Cohors I milliaria Brittonum is the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Pacensis Brittonum milliaria . For Florian Matei-Popescu the Cohors I Flavia Brittonum would also come into consideration, for Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva the Cohors I Aelia Brittonum .
  3. ↑ a b The assignment of the (incompletely preserved) diploma of 133 to the Cohors I Augusta Nerviana Pacensis Brittonum is uncertain; the Cohors I Augusta Ituraeorum also come into consideration.
  4. ↑ a b The assignment of the bricks with the stamp COH I B is controversial; they have also been associated with the Cohors I Batavorum . The reading of the EDCS is Coh (ors) I B (atavorum) .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166 table 9 ( PDF ).
  2. ↑ a b Tatiana Alexandrovna Ivleva, Britons abroad, pp. 95–97, 501–503.
  3. ↑ a b c Florian Matei-Popescu, Cohortes Augustae Nervianae, pp. 395-397.
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 105 ( RMM 10 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 116 ( AE 2006, 1863 ), 120/130 ( RMD 5, 374 ), 129/130 ( RMD 5, 376 ), 133 ( ZPE- 171-242 ), 140 ( RMD 1, 39 ), 146 ( RMD 4, 269 , ZPE-176-225 ).
  5. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: New diplomas for the auxiliary troops in the Mösischen provinces from Vespasian to Hadrian In: Dacia. Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne . 50 (2006), pp. 93-104, here p. 101 ( online ).
  6. ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 276-277 ( online ).
  7. ^ Bricks from Appiaria ( AE 2004, 1267 ).
  8. ↑ Bricks from Buridava ( CIL 3, 14216,25 ).
  9. ↑ a b Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: New diplomas for auxiliary troops in the Dacian provinces In: Acta Musei Napocensis , 38 / I (2001), pp. 27–48, here p. 41 ( online ).