Cohors I Hispanorum (Dacia Porolissensis)

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The Cohors I Hispanorum [pia fidelis] [equitata] ( German  1st cohort of Hispanics [loyal and faithful] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Hispanorum : the Hispanic . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis when the unit was established .
  • pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition occurs in military diplomas from 110 to 119.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania inferior , Moesia superior , Dacia , Dacia superior, and Dacia Porolissensis (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98-164.

The first evidence of unity in Germania inferior is based on a diploma dated 98. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 101, proves unity in the same province.

At an undetermined point in time, the cohort was moved to Moesia superior . The first evidence of unity in Moesia superior is based on two diplomas dated 103/107. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province.

The cohort took part in the Dacian wars of Trajan and was then stationed in the new province of Dacia . The first evidence of unity in Dacia is based on diplomas dated 110. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated from 114 to 164, prove the unit in the same province (or 119 in Dacia superior and from 123 in Dacia Porolissensis ).

Locations

Unit locations in Dacia Porolissensis may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

  • Tullio, a horseman: the diploma of 123 was issued to him.
  • Valerius Valer [i] anus, a rider and librarius ( CIL 3, 12602 )

See also

literature

  • Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 ( online )
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ The scenario given here assumes two different cohorts: the Cohors I Hispanorum (Dacia Porolissensis) , which was stationed in the provinces of Germania inferior , Moesia superior , Dacia , Dacia superior and Dacia Porolissensis , and the Cohors I Hispanorum (Dacia inferior) , which was stationed in Moesia inferior and Dacia inferior .
  2. ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea (2006), the unit was relocated from Germania inferior to Moesia superior during the first Dacian war .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f The assignment of the soldier to the unit is uncertain or controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237–250, here pp. 237, 242, 246–248 ( PDF ).
  2. ↑ a b c Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea, Auxilia Moesiae Superioris, pp. 58–59, 115–116, 128, 132–134, 139–140.
  3. ↑ Inscription with equitata ( CIL 3, 10255 ).
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 00009 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 , RMM 00013 ), 110 ( AMN-2018-27 , CIL 16, 57 , CIL 16, 163 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 119 ( ZPE-199-179 ), 117/138 ( ZPE-208-273 ), 123 ( ZPE-176-236 ), 128 ( ZPE-170-214 ), 133 ( RMD 1 , 35 ), 151 ( RMD 5, 404 ), 154 ( CIL 16, 110 ) and 164 ( CIL 16, 185 , RMD 1, 64 ).
  5. ↑ a b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 108-111.
  6. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 158, 164, 169-170 Tables 2, 8, 11-12 ( PDF ).
  7. ↑ Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Participation of the Auxiliary Troops from Moesia Superior in Trajan's Dacian Wars In: Revue d'Archeologie et d'Histoire Ancienne Bucarest, 2006, pp. 127–140, here pp. 128, 131, 138 ( Online ).
  8. ↑ Tessera from Buciumi ( ILD 00644 )
  9. ↑ brick Buciumi : stamp COH IH ( ILD 00638 ).
  10. ↑ Bricks from Românași : stamp CI HISP D ( IDR-App-01-46, 00001 to 00055, IDR-App-01-47, 00001 to 00053, IDR-App-01-48, 00001 to 00003) and stamp CI HISP DTPL ( IDR-App-01-49, 00001 to 00004, IDR-App-01-50, 00001 to 00011).
  11. ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I, Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 285 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Three constitutions in the year 123 for troops from Dacia Porolissensis under the presidential procurator Livius Gratus In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 176 (2011), pp. 234–242, here pp. 239–240 ( online ).