Cohors I Raetorum (Germania)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Cohors I Raetorum [equitata] [civium Romanorum] [pia fidelis] ( German  1st cohort of the Raetians [partly mounted] [of the Roman citizens] [loyal and loyal] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , an inscription and a brick stamp.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Raetorum : the Rhaetians . The soldiers of the cohort were during installation of the unit from the people of Rhaetians in the area of the Roman province Raetia recruited. According to Tacitus, the Raetians' auxiliary troops were set up at two different times: after the conquest of Raetia around 15 BC. And around 70 AD as a result of the Helvetian uprising.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs on a brick.
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 98 to 127 and on a brick.
  • pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Germania inferior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98 to 153/154.

The unit was part of the troops in Germania inferior around 89 during the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus . The cohort is documented in the province for the first time in 98 through a diploma. In the diploma the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman armed forces in Germania inferior ) that were stationed in Germania inferior . Further diplomas, dated 101 to 153/154, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 211/222.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania Inferior were possibly:

  • Rigomagus ( Remagen ): a brick with the stamp of the unit was found here in 1905. Her garrison location is speculated here before she was relocated to the north of the province, in the west of the Netherlands.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ The scenario given here is based on three cohorts: the Cohors I Raetorum (Germania) , which was stationed in the province of Germania inferior , the Cohors I Raetorum (Moesia) , which was stationed in the provinces of Moesia , Cappadocia and Asia , and the Cohors I Raetorum (Raetia) , which was stationed in the province of Raetia .
  2. ↑ a b c d e The exact assignment to one of the three units with the name Cohors I Raetorum is not possible or is controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Farkas István Gergő: The Roman Army in Raetia , dissertation, University of Pécs Faculty of Humanities 2015, p. 158 ( PDF ).
  2. ^ Bricks with equitata ( CIL 13, 12452 ).
  3. ^ Bricks with civium Romanorum ( CIL 13, 12452 ).
  4. ^ A b c Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250, here pp. 237, 242, 246, 248-249 ( PDF ).
  5. ↑ a b inscription with pia fidelis ( CIL 13, 8827 ).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas from 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 00009 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 239 ), 150 ( ZPE-206-207 ), 152 ( ZPE-148-262 ) and 153/154 ( RMM 00035 ).
  7. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 274-278.
  8. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 158 Table 2 ( PDF ).
  9. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma of the year 98 AD from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch , 2000/50, pp. 48-49 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Inscription from Lugdunum Batavorum ( CIL 13, 8827 ).
  11. ^ Bricks from Rigomagus : Stamp COH I RAETO EQ CR ( CIL 13, 12452 ).
  12. ↑ Emil Ritterling , Edmund Groag: The imperial officials and troops in Roman Germany under the principate . Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1932, p. 206.
  13. ↑ Miroslava Mirković: The auxiliary units in Moesia among the Flavians . In: Epigraphische Studien 5, anthology. Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1968, pp. 177-183; here: p. 178.