Cohors XIII Urbana

The tombstone of Sextus Cossutius Primus ( CIL 13, 1852 )

The Cohors XIII Urbana ( German 13th cohort die Städtische ) was a Roman urban cohort . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

During the imperial period, three different troops were stationed in Rome: the Cohortes praetoriae , the Cohortes vigilum and the Cohortes urbanae . The city cohorts were founded under Augustus , possibly around 27 BC. Introduced to take over police duties. They are first attested by Cassius Dio for 5 AD. In addition to Rome, these urban cohorts were also stationed in Carthage , Lugdunum , Ostia and Puteoli at various times .

The literary sources give 1000 to 1500 men as the nominal strength of a Cohors urbana .

history

The cohort was stationed in Rome and in the provinces of Africa and Gallia Lugdunensis . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 79 to 193.

By Augustus was 15 BC. Established a mint in Lugdunum ; the unit was transferred from Rome to guard them. The cohort took part in the suppression of an uprising that had broken out in Gaul around AD 21 under the leadership of Iulius Florus and Iulius Sacrovir . Between 42 and 47 the unit in Lugdunum was replaced by the Cohors XVII Lugudunensis and relocated to Rome.

The unit was moved from Rome to Carthage at the beginning of the reign of Vespasian (69–79) . She was part of the troops used to crush an uprising that broke out in Mauritania around 86. Afterwards the cohort took part in the Dacer wars of Domitian as well as in his campaign against Marcomanni, Quadi and Sarmatians. After the fighting ended, she returned to Carthage.

Presumably under Hadrian (117-138), the Carthage cohort came back to Lugdunum. Eusebius reports in his church history that the unit carried out a persecution of Christians around 177. The cohort took part in the battle of Lugdunum on the side of Clodius Albinus in 197 and was probably dissolved after his defeat by the victor Septimius Severus .

Locations

The locations of the cohort in Africa were:

Carthage : Numerous inscriptions have been found here.

Locations of the cohort in Gallia Lugdunensis were:

Lugdunum : Numerous inscriptions have been found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

C (aius) Cestius Sabinus, a tribune ( CIL 11, 6057 )
C (aius) Gavius Silvanus, a tribune ( CIL 5, 7003 ). He was also the tribune of the Cohors XII Praetoria and the Cohors II Vigilum .

C (aius) Velius Rufus, a tribune ( AE 1903, 368 )
Numisius Clemens, a tribune: he is named on the diploma of 193 as the commander of the cohort.

Others

[] Mar [] us, a soldier ( CIL 8, 24683 )
[] Rufrius Adiutor, a soldier ( CIL 8, 1025 )
C (aius) Bassius Corinthian (us), a centurion ( CIL 5, 929 )
C (aius) Fl (avius) [Ian] uarius ( AE 1976, 443 )
C (aius) Licinius Ingenus, a soldier ( CIL 8, 1583 )
C (aius) Magilius Albinus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 1867 )
C (aius) Tanusius Luppus, a soldier ( CIL 8, 11107 )
L (ucius) Blandius Paternus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 1845 )
L (ucius) Coranus Valens, a soldier ( CIL 6, 2928 )
L (ucius) Valerius Celer, a soldier: the diploma of 79 was issued to him.
L (ucius) Valerius [C] eler, a soldier: the diploma of 85 was issued to him.
L (ucius) Valerius Longinus, a veteran ( CIL 5, 943 )
M (arcus) Aquinus Verinus, an Optio carceris ( CIL 13, 1833 )
M (arcus) Attius Marcell [us], a soldier ( CIL 13, 1835 )
M (arcus) Marclinius Lectus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 1870 )
Manilius Quintinus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 1829 )

Paullus, a centurion ( CIL 6, 2928 )
Publilius, a centurion ( CIL 8, 1025 )
P (ublius) Octavius Primus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 1875 )
P (ublius) [T] e [tt] ius Sep [] minus, a centurion ( CIL 8, 23910 )
Q (uintus) Aullius Camers, a Centurion ( AE 1977, 182 ). He was also the Centurion of the Cohors III Vigilum .
Q (uintus) Camerius [] us, a soldier ( AE 1999, 1833 )
Q (uintus) Cassius Vale (n) s, a soldier ( CIL 6, 32735 )
Q (uintus) Vilanius Nepos, a centurion ( CIL 8, 1026 )
Sex (tus) Cossutius Primus ( CIL 13, 1852 )
Sex (tus) Flavius Successus, a Signifer ( CIL 13, 1857 )
S (purius) Egnatius Paulus: the diploma of 193 was issued to him.
Tavip (ius), a centurion ( CIL 8, 1583 )
Titus Iulius Virilis, a veteran ( CIL 13, 1865 )
T (itus) Silius Hospes, a signer ( CIL 13, 1852 )
T (itus) Sopatus Lucilius ( AE 1935, 16 )

The soldiers of the cohort were not only involved in military operations, but were also B. deployed in the province of Africa as police forces ( stationarii ) as well as for surveillance tasks and other activities. From the inscription ( CIL 8, 23910 ) z. For example, it appears that a centurion of the cohort settled a border dispute between two cities.

Web links

Commons : Cohors XIII Urbana - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Helmut Freis : Die Cohortes Urbanae , Böhlau Verlag, 1967, pp. 1–5, 28–34, 38–39.

^ ^A ^b Margaret M. Roxan : A Military Diploma of AD 85 for the Rome Cohorts In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 96 (1993), pp. 67-74, here pp. 69, 72-73 ( PDF ).

↑ Barbara Pferdehirt : Roman military diplomas and dismissal certificates in the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. (= Catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37), 2 volumes, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 Volume 1, pp. 14–15.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The earliest evidence for the stationing of the Cohors XIII Urbana in Africa: June 11, 79 AD. In: Journal for Papyrology and Epigraphik. Volume 199 (2016), pp. 176-183, here pp. 176-178 ( online ).

↑ Military diplomas from the years 79 ( ZPE-199-176 ), 85 ( RMM 5 ) and 193 ( CIL 16, 133 ).

[hf-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Helmut Freis : Die Cohortes Urbanae , Böhlau Verlag, 1967, pp. 1–5, 28–34, 38–39.

[mmr-2] A ^b Margaret M. Roxan : A Military Diploma of AD 85 for the Rome Cohorts In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 96 (1993), pp. 67-74, here pp. 69, 72-73 ( PDF ).

[bp-3] Barbara Pferdehirt : Roman military diplomas and dismissal certificates in the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. (= Catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37), 2 volumes, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 Volume 1, pp. 14–15.

[we-4] Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: The earliest evidence for the stationing of the Cohors XIII Urbana in Africa: June 11, 79 AD. In: Journal for Papyrology and Epigraphik. Volume 199 (2016), pp. 176-183, here pp. 176-178 ( online ).