Lead colored cone snail
| Lead colored cone snail | ||||||||||||
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Housing of Conus lividus |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Conus lividus | ||||||||||||
| Hwass in Bruguière , 1792 |
The lead-colored conical screw or the lead-colored cone ( Conus lividus ) is a screw from the family of the cone snails (genus Conus ), which in Indopazifik is widespread and of acorn worms and Vielborstern , in particular of Schopf worms fed.
features
Conus lividus carries a small to moderately large, moderately light to moderately firm snail shell , which reaches 3 to 8 cm in length in adult snails. The circumference of the body is conical to broadly conical, the outline almost straight, somewhat convex in the quarter at the base. The shoulder is angled and heavily to weakly covered with sometimes decrepit tubercles. The thread is low to medium high, its outline straight to slightly concave. The Protoconch has about 4 whorls. The first whorls of the Teleoconch are covered with tubercles. The seam ramps of the Teleoconch are flat with 2 to 4 increasing spiral grooves. Half of the body around the base is often provided with alternating grainy, spiral ribs, sometimes up to the middle.
The area around the body is light olive to yellowish-brown with narrow, white, spiraling bands in the middle and on the shoulder, which can be colored with bluish gray or pink. The base is dark purple in color. The apex is usually pink, the protoconch yellow. The later whorls of the thread and the shoulder are white, occasionally underlaid with bluish-gray or pale orange-violet coloring. The inside of the case mouth is deep purple-purple behind a narrow orange-brown rim with pale bands in the center and on the shoulder.
The moderately thick, translucent to opaque periostracum is yellowish-olive to grayish-brown and has fine axial ribs, sometimes with crowded spiral rows of tufts on the circumference of the body.
The foot is purple to brownish-red, sometimes dark olive-colored with dark brown to black spots and white spots. The sole of the foot can be significantly darker and thus contrast with the lighter upper side. The white spots are sometimes absent entirely, and the black spots can be so dense that the entire foot appears black. The black spots on the upper side are sometimes concentrated in a wide band in front of the edge, while the central area and the immediate edge area are spotless, and occasionally also the edge area of the sole of the foot. The rostrum and antennae are red to dark purple, often with black spots and white spots, the latter being particularly dense at the antennae tips. The siphon is purple to dark red or dark olive, alternating with black speckles and white dots, whereby the number of white dots can vary and be completely absent and the black spots can be so dense that the siphon appears completely black with a narrow red edge.
The radula teeth, which are connected to a poison gland , are slender and have a barb at the tip and a very weak cutting edge opposite. Just behind the barb is a group of small spikes, and a large spike protrudes two-thirds of the length of the shaft. There is a distinct spur at the base.
distribution and habitat
Conus lividus is distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific .
It is occasionally found in the intertidal zone and often below on coral reefs. It lives on sandy surfaces, coral rubble with or without sand, limestone from corals with algae growth, bare limestone and dead corals.
Development cycle
Like all cone snails, Conus lividus is sexually separate and the male mates with the female with his penis . The female lays flat, 6 to 17 mm long and 6 to 12 mm wide egg capsules with short stems and finely notched edges in rows on basal plates on the underside of coral rocks or on bare limestone. Each capsule contains about 2000 to 3300 eggs with a diameter of about 135 to 150 µm. From this it is concluded that the Veliger larvae swim freely for at least 28 to 29 days before they sink down and metamorphose into crawling snails . Larvae of eggs from the Hawaiian coast swam in aquariums for 50 days before metamorphosis.
nutrition
Conus lividus eats acorn worms and polychaetes , mainly from the sedentary family of Schopf worms (Terebellidae), but also Maldanidae and representatives of erranten Nereididae and Eunicidae and ribbon worms , with a Radulazahn harpooned and by the potent toxic mixture of the venom gland are paralyzed.
literature
- George Washington Tryon: Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species , vol. VI; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1884. C [onus] lividus Hwass., P. 45.
- Dieter Röckel, Werner Korn, Alan J. Kohn: Manual of the Living Conidae Vol. 1: Indo-Pacific Region . Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1995. The texts on the individual cone snail species of the Indo-Pacific are published on The Conus Biodiversity website with the permission of the authors (see web links).
Web links
- The Conus Biodiversity website: Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- Underwater Kwajalein: Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Hieronymus Chemnitz : New systematic Conchylien-Cabinet, Volume 11. Raspesche Buchhandlung, Nuremberg 1795. On the sex of the cone snails. Pp. 43-66. List of the cone snails shown here. P. 46. Tab. 183. Fig. 1776. 1777. The bley-colored cone. Conus lividus. P. 60f. The bley colored cone. Conus lividus.
- ↑ Conus lividus eating worm (1) , Conus lividus eating worm (2) (pictures showing Conus lividus eating a cordworm), on Underwater Kwajalein: Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
- ^ Alan J. Kohn, in: Thomas F. Duda, Alan J. Kohn, Stephen R. Palumbi (2001): Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus, a genus of venomous marine gastropods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73, pp. 391-409, here p. 409.
