Corpus separatum
Corpus separatum ( Latin , German: "segregated body") is an area that is granted a legal status that differs from that of its surrounding area, without thereby achieving full sovereignty . The reason for the establishment of a corpus separatum are z. B. ethnic conflicts, border disputes or other conflicting interests of neighboring or “protection” states.
administration
A corpus separatum can be administered
- together through the neighboring states
- by self-appointed protective powers or by trust powers that are legitimized under international law to administer the corpus separatum
- directly through international organizations such as the League of Nations .
On the lower level, local administration is usually more or less autonomous.
Jerusalem
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The 1947 UN partition plan for Palestine designated a planned zone that was to include Jerusalem and some nearby locations such as Bethlehem and En Kerem as a corpus separatum . Under UN sovereignty, this would have been administered as international territory.
As a result of violence immediately after the publication of the plan in Jerusalem was one of Jordan controlled East and one from Israel dominated western part split. In 1948, after the war of independence , Israel refused to internationalize the city. The United Kingdom , the United States and other countries assumed that the question of the status of Jerusalem would be resolved by the parties to the conflict. So they de facto ignored Resolution 181 adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947, in which the partition plan for Palestine was resolved.
Further examples
Areas that can also be designated as corpus separatum are / were:
- City of Fiume with territory (now Rijeka ) between 1776 and 1918
- Sanjak Novi Pazar between 1878 and 1912
- Brčko district as a special administrative area of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska
- Free City of Danzig 1920–1939 under the protection of the League of Nations
- International Zone of Tangier 1923-1956 under the protection of eight powers with a mandate from the League of Nations (1924)
- Kosovo under UN protectorate from 1999 to 2008
