Sanjak Novi Pazar

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The boundaries of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar 1878

The Sanjak of Novi Pazar ( Serbo-Croatian  Новопазарски санџак / Novopazarski Sandzak , Albanian  Sanxhaku i Tregut të Ri ) was a district ( Sanjak ) of the Ottoman Empire in southeastern Europe . It existed from the 16th to the 19th century as a subdivision of Eyâlet Bosnia , after the Berlin Congress from 1878 to 1913 it was directly subordinate to the Reich. Its area today corresponds to the south-west of Serbia , the north-east of Montenegro and parts of Kosovo , which is disputed under international law .

Origin of name and expansion

The name Sandschak Novi Pazar or Sandschak von Novi Pazar , which has been in common political parlance since the middle of the 19th century, is based on the administrative structure of the Ottoman Empire, to which the area belonged from its conquest in the 15th century until the Treaty of London in 1913. It consists of the from the Turkish originating administrative language term Sandzak ( Ottoman سنجاق Sancak , German 'flag, banner' ), the name of an administrative unit, and the place name Novi Pazar , the main town of the administrative unit at that time.

The Sanjak Novi Pazar comprised a strip in the northeast of today's Montenegro ( opštine Bijelo Polje , Berane , Pljevlja and Rožaje ) and southwest of today's Serbia ( opštine Nova Varoš , Novi Pazar , Priboj , Prijepolje , Sjenica and Tutin ), which to this day unofficially as region Sandzak are known, as well as parts of northern Kosovo (area around Kosovska Mitrovica ).

history

In the Middle Ages, the area of ​​the later Sanjak Novi Pazar belonged essentially to the principality of Raszien (Raška) .

The region became part of the Ottoman Empire through the Ottoman conquests from the middle of the 15th century. The core area of ​​Rasziens including the city of Stari Ras became part of the Sanjaks of Novi Pazar, which belonged to the Eyâlet Bosnia from 1580–1872 and from 1865 to the Vilâyet Bosnia . In 1872 the Sanjak Novi Pazar briefly formed its own vilayet together with the Sanjak of Niš , but then returned to the previous division. In 1877 the Sanjak Novi Pazar came to the newly created Vilayet Kosovo . During the Ottoman period, part of the population converted to Islam . Austro-Hungarian statistics from 1877 estimated the number of Orthodox Serbs in Sanjak Novi Pazar to be 80,000 and Muslim Serbs to be 35,000, along with around 20,000 Muslim Albanians, 1,000 Muslim Roma and 100 Jews.

Ottoman Empire including the Sanjak of Novi Pazar as a "buffer" between Serbia and Montenegro (after the Berlin Congress in 1878)

At the Berlin Congress in 1878, the Ottoman Empire had to recognize the independence of the Principality of Serbia and Montenegro . The Sanjak Novi Pazar between the two remained with the Ottoman Empire and formed a connection between Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is also Ottoman under international law, and the core area of ​​the Ottoman Empire. However, Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina and was also granted the right to station troops in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. This was to prevent the principalities (later kingdoms) of Serbia and Montenegro from uniting into a common South Slavic state or that Serbia (and thus, indirectly, Serbia's protecting power Russia) had access to the Adriatic . The administration of the sanjak remained with the Ottoman Empire. The sanjak was no longer assigned to a vilayet at this time, but was directly under the empire.

After the annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary in 1908, the Habsburg troops left the Sanjak and Austria-Hungary renounced any rights in this area vis-à-vis the Ottoman Empire. In the First Balkan War in 1912, Serbian and Montenegrin troops captured the Sanjak. In the London Treaty in 1913 the area was assigned to the two states.

Since then, the area no longer has an official status, but it still exists today as a region with cultural peculiarities under the name Sandžak , with which parts of the Muslim population in particular identify strongly. Plans for the autonomy of the Sandžak were under discussion at the end of the Second World War and after the breakup of Yugoslavia, but were not implemented.

literature

Web links

Commons : Sanjak Novi Pazar  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Petar Vrankić: Religion and Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878-1918). Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 1998, pp. 35-36.
  2. ^ Eva Anne Frantz: Religiously shaped life worlds in late Ottoman Kosovo. In Oliver Jens Schmitt: Religion and Culture in Albanian-speaking Southeast Europe. Publication series of the Commission for Southeast European History, No. 4, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010, pp. 127–149, on pp. 128–129, fn. 5.