Wrinkled grooved mucous foot

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Wrinkled grooved mucous foot
Cortinarius stillatitus 1.jpg

Wrinkled mucous foot ( Cortinarius stillatitius )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Agaricales
Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae)
Genre : Veils ( Cortinarius )
Subgenus : Mucous feet ( Myxacium )
Type : Wrinkled grooved mucous foot
Scientific name
Cortinarius stillatitius
Fr.

The wrinkled mucous foot ( Cortinarius stillatitius , syn. Cortinarius pseudosalor , C. integerrimus ) is a leaf fungus from the family of the veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). The medium-sized mucous feet have brown, thin-fleshed hats, a smooth stalk that is partly purple in color, and mild-tasting flesh. Microscopically, they are characterized by the large (> 12 µm), mostly lemon-shaped, coarse-black spores, the lack of buckles and the vesicular cheilocystidia . The delimitation of closely related species is still controversial. The fruiting bodies of the mycorrhizal fungus appear from August to October in acidic coniferous and deciduous forests, especially in spruce, but also in birch and beech. The mushroom is considered inedible. It is also called honey-slime foot , dripping slime foot or purple-stalked slime foot .

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 4–8 (10) cm wide, bell-shaped when young, later flatly arched to spread out and sometimes broadly hunched. It is olive to ocher, gray or dark brown in color and smooth, bare and, at least when young, very slimy or greasy. In damp weather, the slightly bluish slime that covers the hat can flow down. The common name dripping slime foot is derived from this. The edge of the hat is often more or less radially wrinkled with age.

The lamellas are clay to loam-colored, later brownish to rust-brown and grown on the handle or slightly sloping down. The smooth or finely jagged edges have whitish eyelashes. The lamellar surfaces can be somewhat veined, but are not connected across veins at the base. The spore powder is earthy to rust brown.

The relatively cylindrical stem measures 4–10 × 0.4–1.3 cm and is slightly rooted and tapered towards the base. It is thickest usually at the level of the slimy smoothed velum . When young, it is usually slimy and more or less bluish-purple from the velum. The tip of the stem above the velum is silky whitish. Dry, older stems fade and are then more or less dirty whitish.

The flesh is dirty white and smells - especially if you rub the base of the stalk - slightly honey-like or like the flowers of the Oregon grape , which is why it is also called honey mucous foot. The meat tastes mild, sometimes also slightly bitter.

Microscopic features

The slightly almond to lemon-shaped spores measure 13–16 × 7 µm. On the blades of the lamellae one finds bubble- or balloon-shaped to slightly clubbed (15-30 µm wide) cheilocystidia. All hyphae , including those of the mycelium , are buckled .

Species delimitation

The very similar long-stemmed mucous foot ( C. elatior ) is usually larger and longer-stemmed. Its conical hat is dark brown to purple-brown in color and has strong radial wrinkles on the edge. The lamellae become dark-umbra brown when ripe and are strongly connected across veins at the base. The spindle-shaped stem is purple in the lower half and breaks open into scales. It is particularly found in the deciduous forests of beeches.

The false long-stemmed mucous foot ( C. mucifluoides ) is even more similar . Its spores are somewhat smaller (11–13 µm instead of 13–16 µm long), the hat is brown-ocher, olive-brown to reddish-brown. It is found in deciduous forests on more nutrient-rich soils. Quite a few mycologists consider it synonymous, as there are fluid transitions between the two species.

Another doppelganger is the blue stalk slime foot ( Cortinarius collinitus ), which grows exclusively in acidic spruce forests, between moist blueberry stands. Other close relatives are: Cortinarius mucosus , the heather mucous foot . He has paler hat colors and a white stem without any blue or purple tones. The adder-stalked mucous foot ( C. trivialis ). It has blue-gray lamellae when young and a more or less bulging or coarsely scaled stalk. And the pine mucous foot ( C. mucifluus ). It is characterized by its pure white, rooted stem and grows mainly in pine forests.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the fungus.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The wrinkled mucous foot occurs in North America (USA), Asia (Japan, North and South Korea) and Europe. The slime foot is widespread in Europe, but avoids the Mediterranean and Arctic (alpine) climates. It is common in Fennoscandinavia and at least not uncommon in the Alpine countries. There is no evidence from Belgium or the Netherlands, which could be due to the fact that it is not differentiated here from similar species.

    The mucous foot grows predominantly in acidic coniferous or birch forests. It is particularly often associated with spruce trees. It is rarely found in deciduous forests. The fruiting bodies appear from August to October.

    The Schleierling occurs in almost all altitudes (except the alpine), the highest location in Switzerland is 1930 m.

    Systematics

    The scientific name C. stillatitius Fr is considered problematic by some mycologists, as Elias Fries described a rare species under this name. Therefore, some authors (e.g. Marchand (1983) and Soop (2004)) prefer the unquestionable name C. integerrimus . The name C. integerrimus is regarded by the authors of the Funga Nordica as invalid, since the description of the species in 1959 lacked the required Latin diagnosis and type specification. The author submitted this later in 1989, so that the species is now considered formally correct. According to R. Kühner , C. integerrimus is a pure coniferous forest of moist, alpine locations. Because of their striking macroscopic correspondence with C. stillatitius Fr. (sensu Ricken ) , the author synonymized them with Ricken's interpretation of the taxon. Other mycologists shared this opinion. R. Kärcher is of the opinion that integerrimus is just a somewhat stronger form of C. stillatitius . R. Henry is certain, however, that integerrimus is ultimately only an extreme form of his mucifluoides , which only differs in its location, the greater sliminess and the smooth stem. According to his observations, mucifluoides also occurs in moist coniferous forests. This is probably the reason why the authors of Funga Nordica consider mucifluoides and stillatitius to be synonymous.

    C. pseudosalor J.E. Lange sensu M. Moser is also synonymous with C. stillatitius . The taxon described by JE Lange in 1938 can be interpreted partly as C. elatior , partly as C. stillatitius . The taxon has nothing to do with Cortinarius salor , whom Lange himself did not know and of whom he had only a very vague idea. Lange suspected a relationship to this species because of the size of the spores. He had found the mucous feet in a hornbeam-oak forest and had certain concerns about the independence of the species. Lange considered it possible that the species is synonymous with C. stillatitius . R. Henry, however, believed that it was a synonym for his C. mucifluoides .

    The Latin epithet is derived from the Latin verb stillare (dribble, dribble) and can be translated as “dripping”. What is meant is the hat slime, which can drip down from the hat in damp weather.

    Taxonomic classification within the genus

    The wrinkled mucous foot is placed in the Defibulati ( Elatiores ) section. The representatives of the section are characterized by large, coarse warts, more or less lemon-shaped, rarely only almond-shaped spores, hyphae without buckles and large vesicular or club-shaped cheilocystidia. The hat is convex, convex to broadly hunched or bell-shaped and often more or less furrowed. The stem is usually more or less spindle-shaped.

    meaning

    The food value of the wrinkled mucous foot is not known, so it is considered inedible. According to M. Bon, the closely related long-stemmed slime foot is edible. Since mushroom pickers can hardly tell the two species apart, one or the other wrinkled slime foot should have been eaten without damage.

    swell

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  202 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
    2. ↑ a b c d Geoffrey Kibby, Antony Burnham, Alick Henrici: Cortinarius Subgenus Myxacium . In: Field mycology . tape 10 , no. 2 , 2009, p. 41-55 ( britmycolsoc.org.uk [PDF]). britmycolsoc.org.uk ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.britmycolsoc.org.uk
    3. ↑ a b c d Karin Monday: Wrinkled, grooved slime foot Cortinarius stillatitius In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015 .
    4. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Cortinarius stillatitius. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved December 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
    5. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 17, 2015 .
    6. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Cortinarius stillatitius. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved December 17, 2015 .
    7. ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius stillatitius. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015 ; Retrieved December 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    8. ^ Cortinarius stillatitius. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved December 17, 2015 .
    9. ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al.: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( helda.helsinki.fi [PDF] Original title: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
    10. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Cortinarius stillatitius. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved December 17, 2015 .
    11. ^ Cortinarius stillatitius. Pilzoek database, accessed December 17, 2015 .
    12. ↑ a b Distribution Atlas of Fungi in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved December 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    13. ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici. seu synopsis hymenomycetum . Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 277 (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    14. ↑ Adalbert Ricken : The agaric mushrooms (Agaricaceae) of Germany and the neighboring countries, especially Austria and Switzerland . Published by Theodor Oswald Weigel, Leipzig 1915, p.  27 , col. No 85 ( bibdigital.rjb ).
    15. ↑ Jakob Emanuel Lange: Flora agaricina Danica . tape 3 . Recato, Copenhagen 1938, p. 24 (English, gallica.bnf.fr ).
    16. ↑ Reinhold Kärcher, D. Seibt: Contribution to the knowledge of the mushroom flora of the Rhine-Main area . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 54 , no. 1 , 1988, p. 77-92 ( dgfm-ev.de [PDF]).
    17. ^ Reinhold Kärcher: Contributions to the knowledge of the Cortinarien Cortinarius studies (I) . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 70 , no. 1 , 2004, p. 59-84 ( dgfm-ev.de [PDF]).
    18. ^ Meinhard M. Moser: About some critical or new cortinaries from the subgenus Myxacium Fr. from Småland and Halland . In: Friesia . tape 9 , no. 1-2 , 1969, pp. 142-150 ( 130.225.98.135 [PDF]).

    Web links

    Commons : Wrinkled Feet ( Cortinarius stillatitius )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files