Crkvice

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Former KuK garrison in Crkvice
Climate diagram of the Crkvice meteorological station, the wettest place in Europe

Crkvice , a village in the municipality of Kotor in Montenegro , was the strongest fort in Orjen and is known as the wettest place in Europe . Crkvice is located on the Krivošije plateau in eastern Orjen at an altitude of about 1000  m .

During the Austrian rule in 1869 there was a significant uprising by the mountain people. In order to secure the Bay of Kotor as a naval port , numerous fortifications were built, the most important of which was at Crkvice. The military border between the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary was north of Crkvice until 1878. An Ottoman division was stationed in the Polje von Grahovo .

A meteorological station from 1888 proves that this is Europe's rainiest area. Records are recorded with over 8000 mm of precipitation per year. The average values ​​are given as 4926 mm, with snow on an average of 70 days. As the following table shows, there are significant differences between the Adriatic coast (Risan) and the nearby mountain peaks (Zubacki kabao) within a few kilometers, both in terms of climate type and rainfall.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Crkvice at an altitude of 940 m
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 4.9 5.5 8.1 12.0 16.8 20.5 23.8 23.9 20.3 16.0 10.4 6.5 O 14.1
Min. Temperature (° C) -3.2 -2.6 -0.3 3.4 7.3 10.1 12.4 12.2 9.6 5.7 2.0 -1.5 O 4.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 584 474 507 386 204 134 74 142 256 499 720 642 Σ 4,622
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
4.9
-3.2
5.5
-2.6
8.1
-0.3
12.0
3.4
16.8
7.3
20.5
10.1
23.8
12.4
23.9
12.2
20.3
9.6
16.0
5.7
10.4
2.0
6.5
-1.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		584
474
507
386
204
134
74
142
256
499
720
642
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: «Crkvice Climate (1960-1991)», website of the Montenegro Hydrometeorological Institute
station Height [m] Climate type (according to Köppen ) character Vegetation type Precipitation [mm / a] Snow cover duration
Zubački kabao 1894 Dfsc perhumid Mediterranean snowy climate endemic oro-Mediterranean lawn community with Sesleria robusta and Iris orjenii approx. 6250 approx. 140 days
Crkvice 940 Cfsb (fs = without summer drought), perhumid Mediterranean mountain climate hygro- and thermophilic fir-beech forest with relict karst block heaps fir forests 4926 70 days
Risan 0 Cs''a (s '' = double winter precipitation period), perhumid Mediterranean coastal climate Exclave of the relictic laurel forest in the Mediterranean with Nerium oleander and Laurus nobilis 3500 2 days

* Ecological-meteorological table of the wettest place in Europe with parameters of the climate on a 15 km long transect between the mountain foot on the Mediterranean Sea and the highest mountain peak in Orjen.


Coordinates: 42 ° 34 '  N , 18 ° 38'  E