Cymbocarpa
| Cymbocarpa | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cymbocarpa | ||||||||||||
| Miers |
Cymbocarpa is a genus of mykoheterotrophic , leaf-greenless plants fromthe Burmanniaceae family with two species. They do not carry out photosynthesis , but live parasitically on mycorrhizae and are completely dependent on them for their nutrition.
description
Cymbocarpa are upright and herbaceous growing species and reach heights of growth between 5 and 20 centimeters. The cylindrical rhizome is slightly bulbous, densely covered at the outermost point with narrow-egg-shaped to egg-shaped, overlapping scale leaves, the roots are thread -shaped .
The flower stalks are white to creamy white and mostly unbranched, the leaves are extremely reduced, the inflorescences are bifurcated coils with 1 to 4 flowers each or terminal single flowers. The flowers are short stalked, 6.5 to 10.2 millimeters long and white to creamy white in color.
The plants form capsule fruits , the seeds are 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters long, 0.2 millimeters wide and elliptical, the funiculus is significantly longer than the actual seed.
distribution
Cymbocarpa are native to Central and South America as well as to the Greater Antilles in rainforests at altitudes from sea level to 1200 meters.
Systematics
The status of the genus is considered dubious, according to molecular genetic studies it can be incorporated into the genus Gymnosiphon . The genus contains two types:
- Cymbocarpa refracta Miers : It occurs in tropical America from Costa Rica and Cuba to Brazil.
- Cymbocarpa saccata Sandwith : It occurs in Guiana, Peru and northern Brazil. Cymbocarpa saccata is extremely rare, the species has only been found three times.
literature
- PJM Maas, H. Maas-van de Kamer, J. van Bentham, HCM Snelders, T. Rübsamen: Burmanniaceae , Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 42: 1-189, 1986
- Hiltje Maas-van de Kamer: Burmanniaceae , in: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Vol. 3 , 1998, Berlin, ISBN 3-540-64060-6
- Fredrik Pieter Jonker: A monograph of the Burmanniaceae , Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 51: 1-279, 1938
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ray Neyland: A phylogeny inferred from large-subunit (26 S) ribosomal DNA sequences suggests that Burmanniales are polyphyletic , in: Australian Systematic Botany, 15, 2002, pp. 19-28
- ↑ V. Merckx, P. Schols, H. Maas-van de Kamer, P. Maas, S. Huysmans, E. Smets: Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data , in: Am. J. Bot. 93: 1684-1698, 2006
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cymbocarpa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 5, 2017.