Elias of Cyon

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Elias of Cyon

Elias von Cyon ( Ilya Faddeyewitsch Tsion , Élie de Cyon ) (born March 25, 1843 in Telšiai , Kovno Governorate , Russian Empire ; † October 23, 1912 in Paris ) was a physiologist and writer .

Life

He studied medicine in Warsaw, Kiev and Berlin. In 1866 he was Carl Ludwig's assistant in Leipzig , with whom he described the dampening effect of the vagus nerve on the heart. He also worked with Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke in Vienna.

In 1867 he was appointed to the chair of anatomy and physiology at the University of St. Petersburg as the successor to Ivan Mikhailovich Setschenow . Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was one of his students .

Tsar Alexander II knighted him and appointed him Council of State. In 1872 he became a member of the Petersburg Medical Academy. During this time, Russian nihilism gained the upper hand in Petersburg and there was student unrest, as a result of which he gave up teaching.

In 1875 he emigrated to France, where he continued his research in collaboration with Claude Bernard .

For a time he worked for the magazines Le Gaulois and Juliette Adams Nouvelle Revue . He retained his ties to official political bodies in Russia.

In 1880 France appointed him Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur .

In 1884 he approached Gerson Bleichröder to finance a newspaper that was supposed to benefit German-Russian relations , but the latter refused. In the late 1880s he became known as a friend, agent and partisan of the influential nationalist and anti-German editor of the Moscow newspaper Michael Katkow and was therefore considered to be anti-German. He advocated the Russian-French alliance.

In February 1887, Finance Minister Ivan Alexeyevich Vishnegradsky summoned him to Saint Petersburg, where he was supposed to help develop new relations with the Paris money market, especially the Rothschilds . As of May, he was an extraordinary mission officer in the Treasury Department, and all of the big business overseas went through his hands. The relationship with Bleichröder also strengthened over the next three years. The French interpreted his mission as breaking the monopoly of Berlin's loans to Russia. During this time he discovered that his correspondence was being investigated at “the request of G.” (presumably Foreign Minister Giers ).

He always appeared to Bleichröder as a friend of Russian-German relations. In Russia he was always an advocate of a Franco-Russian entente. Bernhard von Bülow in Petersburg said that "every decent and patriotic Russian thinks Cyon is a lying and corrupt Jew with revolutionary tendencies".

In 1889 he was involved in accusations that Otto von Bismarck had tried to establish direct contact with Georges Boulanger through him and Bleichröder .

In 1891 he broke with Vishnegradski and subsequently attacked the finance department sharply.

In 1895 he provided in the autobiographical story Histoire de l'Entente franco-russe, 1886-1894 in his defense his own account of the events discussed in the Boulanger trial; He did not deny the acquaintance with Bleichroder.

He had a child with his maitresse, the actress Marie Legoult.

At the end of the 1890s he wrote a polemic against Wischnegradski's successor Sergei Yulievich Witte and thereby lost his Russian citizenship. Germany expelled him for attacking Bismarck. Around 1895 France also refused to renew his French citizenship. The police suspected that he had made proceeds from the Panama scandal.

He finally settled in Switzerland, in Territet near Montreux on Lake Geneva, and occasionally went to Paris in secret to visit his maitresse.

Probably based on a work by Henri Rollin , the historian Norman Cohn hypothesized that Cyon should have rewritten a satire directed against Napoleon by Maurice Joly ( Dialoge .. ) against Witte. This text is said to have fallen into the hands of Pyotr Ivanovich Ratschkowski , who in turn is said to have used it as a template for the Protocols of the Elders of Zion , through a break-in in Cyan's house in Territet or confiscation in Paris .

Fonts

scientific:

  • De choreae indole, sede et nexu cum rheumatismo articulari peri- et endocarditide ; 1864 (dissertatio inauguralis)
  • About the influence of temperature changes on the number, duration and strength of heartbeats ; 1866
  • with Carl Ludwig: The reflexes of one of the sensitive nerves of the heart on the motor of the blood vessels ; 1866
  • The doctrine of the tabes dorsualis, explained critically and experimentally ; 1867
  • Via the roots through which the spinal cord sends out the vascular nerves for the front paw ; 1868
  • Via the nerves of the peritoneum ; 1868
  • Inhibitions and Excitations in the central system of weights ; Petersburg, 1871
  • Principes d'électrothérapie ; Paris, 1873
  • On the inhibition theory of reflex excitations ; 1874
  • Methodology of Physiological Experiments and Vivisections . Published by Carl Ricker, Giessen and St. Petersburg 1876
  • Reports physiologiques entre le nerf acoustique et leappareil moteur de le Oil ; 1876
  • Les organes périphériques du sens de leespace ; 1877
  • Research expérimentales sur les fonctions des canaux semi-circulaires et sur leur rôle dans la formation de la notion de l'espace ; 1878
  • Collected Physiological Works ; 1888
  • Les nerfs du coer: anatomie et physiologie; avec une préface sur les reports de la médicine avec la physiologie et la bactériologie ; 1905
  • The nerves of the heart, their anatomy and physiology ; 1907
  • The ear labyrinth as an organ of the mathematical senses for space and time ; 1908
  • Body, soul and spirit: attempt at a physiological differentiation of the psychic functions ; 1909
  • The vascular glands as regulatory protective organs of the central nervous system ; 1910
  • God and Science ; 1912
    • 1. Psychology of the great naturalists
    • 2. New foundations of a scientific psychology

historical, political:

  • La guerre ou la paix? ; 1891
  • Nihilisme et anarchy ; 1892 (in the same year Anarchie et nihilisme was published under the pseudonym Jéhan-Préval )
  • M. Witte et les finances russes d'après des documents officiels et inédites ; 1895
  • Histoire de l'entente franco-russe, 1886-1894: documents et souvenirs ; 1895 ( online )
  • Ou la dictature de m. Witte conduit la Russie ( Online )
  • Les Finances russes et l'épargne française ; 1895
  • Du la dictature de M. Witte conduit la russie ; 1897
  • M. Witte et ses projets de faillite devant le conseil de l'empire ; 1897

literature

  • Gurko: Features and figures of the past: government and opinion in the reign of Nicholas II ; P. 616
  • Morgenstern: Jewish biographical lexicon ; P. 158 ( online )
  • Fritz Richard Stern : Gold and Iron: Bismarck and his banker Bleichröder ; Pp. 614–618, 833 ( online )
  • Michael Hagemeister : The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in court. The Bern Trial 1933–1937 and the “Anti-Semitic International” . Zurich: Chronos, 2017, ISBN 978-3-0340-1385-7 , p. 523

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per358
  2. ↑ http://www.rulex.ru/01230085.htm
  3. ↑ B. Jacob Burckhardt letters: complete and critically edited. Edition with use of the handwritten estate ; B. Schwabe, 1986; P. 487.
  4. ↑ Jeffrey L. Sammons, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: The Foundation of Modern ... p. 14
  5. ^ Umberto Eco: Six walks in the fictional Woods. P. 136
personal data
SURNAME Cyon, Elias of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tsion, Ilya Faddeyewitsch; Cyon, Élie de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lithuanian physiologist and writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Telšiai , Kovno Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1912
Place of death Paris