Dal Lake
| Dal Lake | ||
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| Dal Lake | ||
| Geographical location | Jammu and Kashmir ( India ) | |
| Tributaries | Telbal Nallah , Dachigam Nallah , Dara Nallah | |
| Drain | Dal Gate , Nalla Amir | |
| Islands | Khan Sona Lank , Rupa Lank | |
| Places on the shore | Hazratbal , Srinagar | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 34 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 74 ° 52 ′ 0 ″ E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 1583 m | |
| surface | 21 km² | |
| length | 7.44 km | |
| width | 3.5 km | |
| volume | 9.83 m³ | |
| scope | 15.5 km | |
| Maximum depth | 6 m | |
| Middle deep | 1.4 m | |
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The Dal Lake is a 21 square kilometer lake east of the city Srinagar in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir at an altitude of 1583 meters above sea level . The lake is the second largest in the Union Territory and has an average depth of 1.4 meters and is also known as the "Jewel in the Crown of Kashmir". The lake is known for the many houseboats, in which over 8000 people live according to recent studies. The lake is mainly used for tourist purposes, commercial fishing is of secondary importance. Dal comes from the Kashmiri language and means "lake" when translated.
Geology and geography
It is surrounded by the mountains of Zabarwan , Takht-e-Suleiman and the Hari Parbat . Various parks and gardens have been created around the lake, which were already created in the Mughal era . Together with the view of the Himalayas , the lake forms a picturesque backdrop and is therefore a popular destination for tourists.
The main tributary of the Dal Lake is the Telbal Nallah , which feeds around 80% of the Dal Lake. Other important tributaries are the Dachigam Nallah and the Dara Nallah . Drains are the Dal Gate and Nalla Amir in the southwest, which drain the lake into the nearby Jhelam River. The lake has two islands: Khan Sona Lank ( German Khan Silver Island ) and Rupa Lank ( German Gold Island ). Both islands are also known as Char Chinar, as four oriental plane trees grow on both islands .
The lake can be divided into three to five parts: the Nehru Park Basin in the south, Nishat Basin in the east and the Hazratbal Basin in the north are definitely part of Dal Lake. Sometimes the Nagin Lake and the Brari Nambal (also known as Bab Demb), both of which are to the west, are also included. All five basins are connected by canals, most of which were created naturally and also serve as shipping routes. The deepest point at 6 meters is in the Nagin Basin, whereby the Nagin Lake and the Brari Nambal are viewed as separate lakes. The catchment area of the Dal Lake is 316 km².
The largest part of the bank is developed over a length of 15.5 kilometers with promenades, gardens and the like. The University of Kashmir campus is also on the waterfront. Lake Anchar is very close by .
Flora and fauna
The so-called floating gardens, which are called “wheel” in Kashmiri , are special at Dal Lake . Tomatoes , cucumbers and melons are planted in the gardens to the west of the lake . Lotus flowers bloom on the lake in July and August . Water lilies and water chestnuts can also be found on the lake.
The lake has a total of 51 different zooplankton species, the subspecies of protozoa , rotifers and Crustecea members and 27 taxis in the rotifers . The mirror carp , released in the lake in the early 1960s, have become the dominant species in the lake, which are also of great importance for fishing. The mirror carp have markedly reduced the population of the previously indigenous carp of the genus Schizothorax . Also at home in the lake is the mica labeo , which is also known as the “Indian algae eater”.
In the last few decades the water quality in Dal Lake has deteriorated significantly. A connecting road across the lake was built and the floating gardens were also expanded. Due to the growing tourist interest, there are more and more houseboats on the lake, which, together with the hotels and buildings around the lake, contribute to the increased pollution of the lake. In addition, water hyacinths and silt become problematic for the lake's ecology. The pH value of the water is between 7 and 9.3, with no major differences between the water on the surface and that on the subsurface. In order to get a grip on the ecological problems of the lake, author Mubashir Jeelani recommends removing the floating gardens and controlling the sewage and waste that is discharged into the lake from houses, hotels and houseboats.
climate
During the winter months, the lake is usually frozen over, during which time temperatures drop to as low as −11 ° C (average 1–11 ° C). Spring and summer are the wet periods, and the annual rainfall in the region is 655 mm. During the snowmelt at this time, the Dachigam Nallah and the Dara Nallah also carry large amounts of water into the lake. In summer the temperature is between 12 ° C and 30 ° C.
history
The Dal Lake was already used as a recreation area from 1420 to 1470 by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin , who should also be responsible for the construction of Sona Lank Island. The second island, Rupa Lank, was built by Sultan Hassan Shah from 1475 to 1478. From 1771 to 1774, Governor of Kashmir, has Ameer Khan , Sona Lank renovated. During the British colonial rule , the Dogra Maharaja of Kashmir had forbidden the construction of houses in the valley. As a result, the British settled in houseboats on Lake Dal. After India's independence, these houseboats continued to be operated by the locals and were largely converted into tourist accommodation. In the late 1980s a settlement boom began around the lake and new hotels were built (from 1973 to 1994 the population around the lake doubled). The five-kilometer foreshore road along the northern coast of the lake was also laid out in these years.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jewel in the crown of Kashmir: Dal Lake, Jammu & Kashmir. The Land of Wanderlust, accessed August 20, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c Prof. MRD Kundangar: Squeezing Dal Lake - Historical perspective. In: Greater Kashmir. June 5, 2012, accessed August 20, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d Dal Lake. (No longer available online.) In: World Lake Database. International Lake Environment Committee , archived from the original on August 31, 2017 ; accessed on August 20, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Dal Lake. Eco India, accessed August 20, 2017 .
- ^ A b c Sharad K. Jain, Pushpendra K. Agarwal, Vijay P. Singh: Hydrology and Water Resources of India . Springer Verlag , 2007, ISBN 978-1-4020-5180-7 , pp. 978 (English, 1260 pp.).
- ↑ Dal Lake. (No longer available online.) Kashmir Tourism, archived from the original on May 9, 2012 ; accessed on August 20, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Mubashir Jeelani: Lake Ecology in Kashmir, India: Impact of Environmental Features on the Biodiversity of Urban Lakes . Springer Verlag , 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-40880-4 , pp. 261-266 (English).
