Jhelam (river)
| Jhelam | ||
 Course of the Jhelam |
||
| Data | ||
| location |
Jammu and Kashmir ( India ), Punjab , Asad Kashmir ( Pakistan ) |
|
| River system | Indus | |
| Drain over | Chanab → Panjnad → Indus → Indian Ocean | |
| Headwaters | Northern flank of Pir Panjal 33 ° 22 ′ 49 ″ N , 75 ° 23 ′ 10 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 3400 m | |
| muzzle |
Chanab coordinates: 31 ° 10 ′ 12 " N , 72 ° 8 ′ 44" E 31 ° 10 ′ 12 " N , 72 ° 8 ′ 44" E
|
|
| length | 720 km | |
| Catchment area | 55,300 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
895 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Veshav , Romushi , Punch | |
| Right tributaries | Brengi , Lidder , Sind , Nilam , Kunhar | |
| Flowing lakes | Wularsee | |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Mangla dam | |
| Big cities | Srinagar , Jhelam | |
| Medium-sized cities | Anantnag , Muzaffarabad | |
| Small towns | Sopore , Baramulla | |
 Jhelam |
||
The Jhelam ( Hindi झेलम Jhelam ; Panjabi ਜੇਹਲਮ Jehalam جہلم; English Jhelum ) is approx. 720 km long and the westernmost of the "five rivers of the Panjab ".
River course
It rises 85 km southeast of Srinagar , the summer capital of the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir , and is fed by glaciers .
The headwaters of the water are located at the southern end of the Kashmir Valley ( ⊙ ), but the strong cult spring in Verinag ( ⊙ ) is considered to be its origin . It first flows to the northwest, where it drains the entire valley of the Kashmir high basin . Above the confluence of the Brengi at Anantnag , the river is also called Sandran Nallah . The Veshav opens after a further 20 kilometers to the left side in the Jhelam. This passes the city of Srinagar and flows through the Wularsee ( ⊙ ). Then it turns west and cuts through the Pir Panjal mountain range . In the city of Muzaffarabad , which belongs to the Pakistani part of Kashmir, the river changes its direction of flow to the south. From the city of Jhelam the river enters the wide Panjab plain ("land of the five rivers"). Here it is part of the largest contiguous irrigation area on earth. West of Faisalabad , the Jhelam flows from the right or from the north into the Chanab , ( ⊙ ) which joins the Satluj shortly before it flows into the Indus . The area of the lower Jhelam is characterized by intensive agriculture, the river is diked for long stretches.
Dams and hydroelectric power plants
The Lower Jhelum barrage and the two dams Uri-I and Uri-II are located in Jammu and Kashmir . In Pakistan, the Jhelam has been dammed into a large reservoir in the Mangla Dam since 1967 . 7.5 km further downstream is the New Bong Escape Hydroelectric Power Plant . Above their barrier structure, the Upper Jhelum Canal branches off on the left bank of the river. The Rasul barrage is located 57 km below New Bong Escape . Here part of the river water is channeled to the Chanab via the Rasul-Qadirabad connecting canal .
history
Alexander the Great crossed 326 BC The Jhelam and defeated the Indian king Poros in the battle of the Hydaspes . The ancient name of the river, which is mostly used in this context, is Hydaspes ( Greek Ὑδάσπης ). During the battle the warhorse of Alexander Bucephalus drowned in the river.
Fish fauna
The construction of dams and hydroelectric power stations along the course of the river affects the habitat of various fish species in the river, such as Tor putitora ( Golden Mahseer ).
A 2006 study at the Lower Jhelum Barrage recorded the following fish species in the Jhelam:
| Art | genus | family |
|---|---|---|
| Crossocheilus diplochilus | Crossocheilus | Carp fish |
| Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) | Cyprinus | Carp fish |
| Crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ) | Carassius | Carp fish |
| Bangana diplostoma | Bangana | Carp fish |
| Barbel ( puntius conchonius ) | Puntius | Carp fish |
| Schizothorax curvifrons (Sattar snowtrout) | Schizothorax | Carp fish |
| Schizothorax esocinus (Chirruh snowtrout) | Schizothorax | Carp fish |
| Schizothorax labiatus (Kunar snowtrout) | Schizothorax | Carp fish |
| Schizothorax niger (Alghad snowtrout) | Schizothorax | Carp fish |
| Schizothorax plagiostomus | Schizothorax | Carp fish |
| Botia birdie | Botia | Clown loaches |
| Triplophysa sp. | Triplophysa | Brook loaches |
| Schistura sp. | Schistura | Brook loaches |
| Glyptosternon reticulatum | Glyptosternon | Mountain catfish |
| Glyptothorax kashmiriensis | Glyptothorax | Mountain catfish |
| Glyptothorax pectinopterus | Glyptothorax | Mountain catfish |
| Eastern mosquito fish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) | Gambusia | Tooth paws |
Web links
- River Jhelum. Pakistan Water Gateway ( Memento of November 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- Jhelum. Water Resources of India System
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Jhelam in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Max Kiessling : Hydaspes 1 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IX, 1, Stuttgart 1914, Col. 34-37.
- ↑ a b Qureshi et al .: Effect of lower Jhelum hydroelectric power project on finfish diversity of river Jhelum, j & k. (PDF; 20.7 kB) Current World Environment.