Puntius

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Puntius
Puntius sophore, the type species of the genus Puntius.

Puntius sophore , the type species of the genus Puntius .

Systematics
without rank: Otophysa
Order : Carp-like (Cypriniformes)
Subordination : Carp fish-like (Cyprinoidei)
Family : Carp fish (Cyprinidae)
Subfamily : Smiliogastrinae
Genre : Puntius
Scientific name
Puntius
Hamilton , 1822

Puntius is a genus of small to medium-sized South and Southeast Asian carp fish (Cyprinidae). Puntius species are found in the Indian subcontinent , Sri Lanka , mainland Southeast Asia, the Great Sunda Islands , Bali , and in southeastern East Asia . The genus originally comprised over 145 species, but was considered to be highly poly- and paraphyletic , so it did not form a unit of species that descended from a common ancestor that is not an ancestor of other species that are not part of Puntiusbelong. In 2012, many, especially South Indian species were assigned to the newly established genera Dawkinsia , Haludaria and Pethia , while in November 2013 some Southeast Asian species were assigned to the newly established genera Desmopuntius , Oliotius , Puntigrus , Striuntius and two more South Indian species were assigned to the new genus Sahyadria were asked.

features

As adult fish, Puntius species usually reach a standard length of less than 12 cm. The body of the Puntius species is laterally flattened and elongated. Diagnostic features of the genus are a dorsal fin with 3 or 4 unbranched and 8 branched rays and an anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5 branched rays. The last unbranched fin ray of the dorsal fin is weak or strong, not toothed behind and segmented at its tip. The sideline is entirely with 22-28 pored scales. Maxillary - barbels can be present or absent. Rostral barbels are always absent. The lips are smooth and thin. On the first gill arch there are 12 to 20 gill rakes . The simple gill rakes are pointed (not branched or lamellar (flattened)). Free uroneuralia are present, 4 vertebrae with spinous processes (supraneurals), 12 to 14 vertebrae are found in the abdomen and 14 to 16 in the caudal spine. The infraorbital bone number 3 (bones around the eyes) is slender, the fifth ceratobranchiale, a bone of the gill arch, is narrow. Tooth formula for the pharynx: 5 + 3 + 2. The color markings of the genus include a more or less clearly visible dark spot on the tail stalk.

The phylogeny of the small South Asian barbels shows the following cladogram :



 Pethia


   

 Haludaria


   

 Dawkinsia


   

 Sahyadria



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 Barbodes


   


 Desmopuntius


   

 Puntigrus



   

 Oliotius




   

 Barbodes lateristriga


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 Puntius


   

 Systomus



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species

Puntius sensu stricto

Gill-spotted barb ( puntius chola )
Kelums barbel ( Puntius kelumi )
Mahecola barbel ( Puntius mahecola )
Bitterling barb ( Puntius titteya ), male

So far about 220 species have been described, of which over 145 were valid at the beginning of 2012. Since then, many, above all South Indian species have been assigned to the newly established genera Dawkinsia , Haludaria , Pethia and Sahyadria , while some Southeast Asian species have been assigned to Barbodes or the newly established genera Desmopuntius , Oliotius , Puntigrus and Striuntius since November 2013 . The species listed below show the diagnostic characteristics of the genus mentioned in the section above:

The double- spotted barb ( Puntius bimaculatus ) and the bitterling barb ( Puntius titteya ), which are well known to many aquarists, differ from the diagnosis of the genus because they only have 7 branched dorsal fin rays. However, since they are phylogenetically within Puntius and the genus would be paraphyletic without including these two species , they are still included in Puntius .

More types

Some Indian barb species show an unusually high number of lateral line scales (more than 40), have not currently been reassigned and remain in Puntius for the time being .

Puntius fraseri

Other species that remain in Puntius for the time being:

Puntius bramoides

Relationship with people

Some small, colorful Puntius species are popular freshwater ornamental fish, larger species are also used as food fish in their home countries.

literature

Web links

Commons : Puntius  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Kottelat (2013), pages 481-482.
  2. ↑ Raghavan, R., Philip, S., Ali, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2013): Sahyadria, a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.threatenedtaxa.org archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.5 MB). Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (15): 4932-4938.
  3. ↑ a b Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage (2012), page 73.
  4. ↑ Ren, Q. & Mayden, RL (2019): Comparative Phylogenetics of the Asian genus "Puntius" and relatives (Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae): Explorations into the potential impacts of taxon and character sampling . I3 Biodiversity, 3: 301.
  5. ↑ Plamoottil, M. & Abraham, NP (2014): Puntius viridis (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Journal of Research in Biology, 3 (7): 1093-1104.
  6. ↑ Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage (2012), page 83rd
  7. ↑ Pethiyagoda, Meegaskumbura and Maduwage (2012), page 82nd