Davos flat roof
The Davos flat roof , as a cold roof, is the defining roof design in Davos and has been mandatory for new buildings in the city's core area for over fifty years.
history
The development of Davos flat roofs began in the middle of the 19th century and progressed rapidly. By this time, many new buildings with flat wood-cement roofing had already proven their worth. It has been proven that the construction of the sanatorium on the Schatzalp in 1899/1900 caused the breakthrough of this construction method, because it proved its functionality solely through the size of the roof area. The pioneers for this new roof construction in Davos were the Zurich architects Pflegehard and Haefeli , who in addition to the Schatzalpsanatorium in 1902 also extended the Schweizerhof , and in 1904/05 the Kaiser Wilhelm II. -Pavilion of the Deutsche Heilstätte , 1906–11 the Queen Alexandra sanatorium and 1908 the Villa Guarda .
Otto Morach's motto "The path to strength and health leads via Davos", which he created in 1926 as part of an advertising poster for Davos, which is primarily known as a huge hospital town and on which all Davos houses are still depicted with red gable roofs, evoked a desire for renewal on the part of the Davoser, who helped develop the long-established urge for new building here too. With the homeland security movement around 1910, flat roofs together with concrete and steel structures were branded as “mauvais example” (German: bad example), but were then able to prevail, especially sponsored by Landammann Erhard Branger (1881–1958) and architects such as Sigfried Giedion and Rudolf Gaberel . Some of the flat roof opponents acted against the new building with photo montages . The dispute raged back and forth for many years. Gaberel wrote in the NZZ in 1933 that it was now fundamentally possible to “build durable saddle roofs (Heimatschutz) and flat roofs” and “that neither aesthetic nor newfangled or ideological considerations ( cultural Bolshevism ), but exclusively need and danger and their defense flat roof as a tried and tested building protection ». He thus introduced an objectification of the heated discussion. Sigfried Giedion seconded Gaberel by writing on the same sheet: «Some of my friends and various industrial associations intend to publish a supplement with the title Living and Building with the NZZ . This supplement is about tackling the ever-growing prejudices with factual material. "
At the latest with the Burckhardt doctor's house in 1926, the flat-roof opponents began to withdraw in Davos. This was regarded in a special way as the “1926 building type” and was a success, while this type of construction continued to be denounced in the rest of Switzerland. Over the years, the two factions managed to agree a resolution. It was read out on December 11, 1935. Albert Baur signed for homeland security and E. F. Burckhardt, the father of Lucius Burckhardt , for the new building , interestingly enough , the founder of promenadology . Today Davos is considered to be the largest flat roof settlement in the Alps .
construction
Scheme drawing of the roof. The wind can ventilate freely under the rafters . Insulation against the cold only begins underneath.
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Davos is at 1560 m above sea level. M. and is considered a high mountain region . In winter, significant amounts of snow fall, which can develop on roofs with a tendency to roof avalanches and, especially in urban areas, pose great dangers. In contrast to the warm roof , the roofs in Davos are ventilated and dry.
The reinforced concrete roofs have a slight slope inwards and thus transport the rain and meltwater inside the house into the sewer system; this also prevents structural damage from defective rain gutters and downpipes, because they are not exposed to any other environmental influences such as snow loads, frost and storms. A waterproof layer was applied to the concrete roof structure, which had been developing since the second half of the 19th century with the boom in the concrete industry, which consisted of a wood-cement layer of sand and gravel. Inside the house, the actual ceiling made of a wooden structure was attached to the concrete ceiling at a distance of one meter. This large distance was used for insulation and prevented the snow from melting through rising heat (cold roof).
Web links
- Building law of the community of Davos. Article 27; As of May 8, 2012
- Flat roofs in timber construction - Pro Holz Schweiz , November 7th, 2008, 7th house construction and energy fair 2008, supporting event Pro Holz / Technerschule HF Holz Biel, including foil p. 49 First flat roofs in Davos around 1900 , with a section of the medical center and sanatorium in Davos by Rudolf Gaberel (1882–1963) and a sketch by the architect Le Corbusier (1887–1965) from 1930, as well as slide p. 50 with a sectional drawing of a flat roof in Davos in 1920
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Davos flat roof. Image of the town center ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. to the Davos tourist office
- ↑ a b Christof Kübler: The flat roof: the most popular symbol of New Building with friends and enemies. In: Our art monuments: information sheet for the members of the Society for Swiss Art History , Volume 41, Issue 4, 1990, pp. 435–448. doi : 10.5169 / seals-393834 .
- ↑ Otto Morach, Davos 1926, color lithograph poster on Artnet.de
- ^ A b Christof Kübler: Rudolf Gaberel : Architecture as a cure. In: Franco Item: Davos - between mountain magic and magic mountain. Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2016, ISBN 978-3-03810-036-2 , pp. 196–220.
- ↑ Rudolf Gaberel : Questions of building protection. The flat roof . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung from November 15, 1933.
- ↑ Markus Ritter and Martin Schmitz: Who was Lucius Burckhardt? Deutschlandfunk broadcast on June 21, 2015
- ↑ Davos-Klosters-Portrait ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
