Dayan Khan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Batumöngke Dayan Khan (also: Batu-Möngke; * 1464 ; † 1543 ?) Was a Mongolian Khan of the Northern Yuan , descendant of Genghis Khan and renewed the power of the Genghisids in Mongolia .

Batumöngke was raised to the throne as a child approx. 1479 by Manduchai-hatun (the widow of one of his predecessors, * approx. 1448) and ruled under her guardianship until the age of majority. In 1481 he married her and had seven sons and a daughter with her. Four other sons were from two other women, the Oir women Küsei-hatun and Jimisken-hatun .

government

His rule ensured Mongolia a long internal peace (at least for Mongolia's standards). In 1510-12, two princes of the western wing, Ibrahim and Mandulai ayulgu, rebelled against his succession plan and killed his second son Ulus Bolod , but Dayan Khan was ultimately victorious (thanks to the Qorchin). Ibrahim was pushed to the border of Shensi and finally defeated by Dayan's grandson Gün-bil in 1533 .

The Khan attacked the Oirats in 1483–88 and 1491/92, and in 1497–1505 the entire northern border of China . He extended his rule westward to the Pamir and also occupied the Ordos region (at the latest) in 1510 . Between 1517 and 1526 he repeatedly marched with a small army before the Chinese capital, Beijing . In 1532 he (and / or Bodi Alag) sent a peace embassy to the Chinese, in particular to clarify trade rights.

Under him, Karakoram is said to have been raised to the capital again for a short time. Furthermore, he is said (according to Sagang Sechen) to have reintroduced a tax system in Mongolia in an unknown form.

reform

Dayan Khan divided the tribes of (Eastern) Mongolia into 6 towers (that means ten thousand):

He left the management of the towers to his sons and grandchildren.

For Khan , a descendant was always appointed his eldest son. This was first his grandson Bodi Alag Khan (r. 1524/32 / 43–1548), then his son, etc. The last of them was Ligdan Khan (r. 1603–1634). The dignity of viceroy ( Jinong ) was taken over by Bars Bolod (1484–1531 / 2) and his two sons Gün-bilig and Altan .

progeny

The Khan had eleven sons, whose descendants still ruled a large part of the Mongolian tribes during the Qing Dynasty :

  • Toro Bolod (1482–1523): His descendants were the khans until 1634, and their personal ulus were the Chakhar .
  • Ulus-Bolod (1482–1510): He became a kind of Vice-Khan as Jinong , but this dignity passed to the third son after his murder.
  • Bars Bolod (1484–1531 / 2): After his brother was murdered, he became the Jinong , and his personal ulus were the Ordos . His sons were Gün-bilig and Altan .
  • Töröltu (princess, * 1484)
  • Arsu Bolod: The descendants of the fourth son were the princes at the Kokonor.
  • Alcu Bolod (* 1490)
  • Ocir Bolod (* 1490)
  • Macaw Bolod
  • Geretü Tayiji (* 1491, son of Küsei-hatun)
  • Cing Tayiji (son of Küsei-hatun)
  • Gere Bolod (* 1482, son of Jimisken-hatun)
  • Geresenje (1489–1549): The second son of Jimisken-hatun got the Khalka , which were then divided among seven sons by his widow Qatanqai.

Sources

The sources of the Khan and his time are contradicting. Above all, the time of Batumöngke Dayan Khan's end of reign or death with 1517/24/32/43 is given very differently.

Remarks

  1. ↑ His lineage is not undisputed. At least he was the great-grandson of Toyto Bughas (r. 1439-1452) brother Aybarji and is attributed to the house of Kubilais: Aybarji - Qayurcay - Bayan-Möngke - Batu-Möngke.
  2. ↑ The Cambridge History of China Vol. 7, p. 467
  3. ↑ See Karakorum - A historical sketch . In: Genghis Khan and his heirs. The Mongol Empire. Exhibition catalog Bonn / Munich (Munich 2005)
  4. ^ R. Amitai-Preiss, D. Morgan: The Mongol empire & its legacy , p. 281
  5. ↑ The Cambridge History of China Vol. 7, p. 467; R. Amitai-Preiss, D. Morgan: The Mongol empire & its legacy , p. 321 note 2
  6. ^ M. Weiers: The Mongols: Contributions to their history , p. 389; R. Grousset: The Empire of the Steppes , p. 509 f.

literature

  • Denis Twitchett & Frederick W. Mote: The Cambridge History of Chin a Vol. 7 - The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Part 1. Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-521-24332-7
  • Michael Weiers (ed.): The Mongols: Contributions to their history , Darmstadt 1986
  • Michael Weiers: History of the Mongols, Stuttgart 2004
  • Rene Grousset: The steppe peoples , Essen 1975
personal data
SURNAME Khan, Dayan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Khan, Batumöngke Dayan (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Descendant of Genghis Khan
DATE OF BIRTH 1464
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: 1543