humiliation
Humiliation is the shameful and contemptuous treatment of another in a way that attacks self-worth , dignity and pride , often in the presence of other people. Humiliation can be an expression of targeted aggression or provocation .
Also with the feeling of failure or defeat of related failure is often perceived as humiliation (cf.. Arrogance ).
Its opposite is honor .
Forms and effects
Criminal, public or ritual humiliation of others
Traditionally there are numerous criminal and necessary humiliations. The proverbial is denouncing . In the case of corporal punishment on skin and hair , the shaving of hair or beard was intended, in the customary bare or spitting, in officers the public tearing off the badge of rank and breaking the saber. As a social institution , it is part of many initiation rites . In National Socialist Germany , being forced to wear the Star of David in public was a deliberate humiliation.
The aspect of public humiliation also comes into play in the Chinese social credit system .
Goals, consequences and coping
A humiliating experience or memory of it can act as negative psychological stress and trigger an emotional and hormonal response. In test subjects, an increase in the prolactin level was observed after an angry reminder of a humiliating situation .
With long-term disenfranchisement of z. B. At the end of the day, minorities feel humiliated by actions that emphasize their otherness in general. Unless it is intended, it can - not easily - be avoided by tact .
Humiliation may have the goal of the will to break. For a long time this was an element of bringing up children in western countries, but is also used today with adults, for example in Guantanamo .
The social psychology examines the extent to cause humiliation to violence and acts of war, such as varying the response to humiliation with the particular culture and how effects can be overcome by humiliations.
Self-humiliation
The Christian knows the humility as entertainment . The self-directed humiliation in the face of God (self- contrition , Latin contritio cordis "contrition of the heart") is seen positively as repentance , increased as a form of asceticism .
Self-humiliation, combined with a request, for example by dropping a foot , can certainly also lend emphasis. A famous historical example of this is Emperor Heinrich IV, according to legend, who walked barefoot to Canossa , forcing the Pope to lift the ban on him. An example from recent history is the kneeling of Warsaw by Willy Brandt in 1970.
Occurrence
Humiliation is a universal human experience. An early testimony can be found in Homer's Iliad , which describes how Achilles humiliated the corpse of the defeated Hector .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ René Raphaël, Ling Xi: The trained man . In: Le Monde Diplomatique . October 1, 2019 ( monde-diplomatique.de [accessed October 26, 2019] French: Bons et mauvais Chinois . Translated by Sabine Jainski , original ). (with audio file)
- ↑ LG Sobrinho: Prolactin, psychological stress and environment in humans: adaptation and maladaptation , Pituitary, 2003, 6 (1): 35-9, PMID 14674722
- ↑ a b Evelin Gerda Lindner: The psychology of humiliation. (PDF file; 151 KB) (No longer available online.) March 2005, archived from the original on November 23, 2009 ; Retrieved May 26, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
