Dendrobias mandibularis

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Dendrobias mandibularis
Dendrobias mandibularis, male

Dendrobias mandibularis , male

Systematics
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Subordination : Polyphaga
Family : Longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae)
Subfamily : Cerambycinae
Genus : Dendrobias
Type : Dendrobias mandibularis
Scientific name
Dendrobias mandibularis
( Dupont , 1834)

Dendrobias mandibular (synonym: Trachyderes mandibular ; English Long-jawed Longhorn ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles , which in parts of Central and North America from Honduras through Mexico to the south and southwest of the United States is widespread.

features

The beetles are 18 to 33 millimeters long with an elongated oval body shape. The animals show a sexual dimorphism in relation to the length of the mandibles and antennae , both of which are significantly elongated in the males, and there are also two different phenotypes within the males related to the length of the enlarged mandibles. The deck wings ( Elytren ) are long and clearly tapered towards the rear. The head, pronotum and elytra are shiny black, on the elytra there are two yellow cross bars interrupted in the middle. The antennae of the males are longer than the body, those of the females significantly shorter; they are alternately ringed black and yellow. It is named after the strong and very long mandibles, which are longer than the head. These are particularly pronounced in males, who have two different phenotypes. The mandibles of the group with a shorter mandible have a length of 13.1 to 17.5% of the elytral length and those with a larger mandible have a length of 21.7 to 41.5% of the elytral length.

Occurrence

The beetle occurs in Central and North America from Honduras and Mexico in the area of ​​the Yucatán Peninsula to Texas , New Mexico and southern California . They live in deciduous forests and other tree populations. The species was also introduced to the Florida Keys and since 2004 it has also been recorded as a neozoon on the Florida mainland . The animals on the Keys are traced back to a settlement by the Yucatán populations, whereas the animals on the mainland probably come from central Mexico or Texas.

Way of life

The beetle larvae develop in the wood of dead deciduous trees, including willows ( Salix ), citrus and Parkinsonia . In the Florida Keys, specimens of Ravenala madagascariensis , the Surinam cherry ( Eugenia uniflora ) and the common fig ( Ficus carica ) have been collected, while evidence of Viburnum obovatum has been found in Manatee County . In western Mexico, the species has been identified as a pest on commercially used tamarinds ( Tamarindus indica ), and adults have been documented on the fruits of the prickly pear ( Annona muricata ) from the state of Nayarit .

Adults mate at the meeting points in the area of ​​resin rivers or fruits on which they feed. The males sometimes use their enlarged mandibles in intrasexual conflicts, whereby the animals with the larger mandibles usually win. This advantage has been proven above all in conflicts over the food sources of the fruits of the saguaro cactus ( Carnegiea gigantea ) and the rarer resin flows of the desert plant Baccharis sarothroides . In the latter, the success of mating the smaller beetles at the food source is lower and therefore higher in the area of ​​the foliage, while with the saguaro cacti, due to the better availability of free fruits, they can avoid direct confrontations with the larger beetles and a comparatively high mating success on the fruits to have.

The females lay their eggs in the bark of dead branches and trunks, the larvae eat their way through the bark and feed on the bast between the trunk wood and the bark. The development probably takes several years, pupation also takes place under the bark, the adults hatch in July to August. They are nocturnal, during the day the adults can be found under the loose bark of lying tree trunks.

Both the larvae and the beetles are preyed on and eaten by woodpeckers.

Systematics

Dendrobius mandibularis, male

Dendrobias mandibularis is an independent species in the genus Dendrobias Dupont, 1834 , which consists of a few species. It was first scientifically described by the French entomologist Henri Dupont in 1834 as Trachyderes mandibularis . The genus allocation is variable depending on the source, the species is often also classified as Trachyderes (Dendrobias) mandibularis , whereby Dendrobias is regarded as a subgenus.

Web links

Commons : Trachyderes mandibularis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ^ A b c d Margery Milne, Susan Rayfield: The Audubon Society field guide to North American insects and spiders . New York 1980, ISBN 0-394-50763-0 , pp. 592-593 .
  2. ^ A b Steven K. Goldsmith: Male Dimorphism in Dendrobias mandibularis Audinet-Serville (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 58 (3), July 1985, pp. 534-538. JSTOR .
  3. ↑ a b Trachyderes mandibularis (Dupont, 1834) at BioLib ; accessed on May 4, 2021.
  4. ↑ Trachyderes mandibularis (Dupont, 1834) on gbif.org; accessed on May 4, 2021.
  5. ↑ a b Michael C. Thomas: A Neotropical Longhorn Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycideae) New to the Mainland of Florida . Pest Alert, Sep 25, 2006, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.
  6. ↑ Mario Orozco-Santos, Karina García-Mariscal, José Luis Vázquez-Jiménez, Manuel Robles-González, José Joaquín Velázquez-Monreal, Gilberto Manzo-Sánchez, Daniel Nieto-Ángel: The Jawed Longhorn Beetle in Colbycidae: Ceram Tamarid Trees in the Dry Tropic of Mexico - A Brief Revision. Southwestern Entomologist 36 (2), 2011, pp. 197-202. doi : 10.3958 / 059.036.0208 .
  7. ↑ Luis Martín Hernández Fuentes, José Manuel Pineda Ríos, Mario Orozco Santos: Primer Reporte de Trachyderes (Dendrobias) mandibularis Dupont Asociado a Guanábana (Annona muricata L.). Southwestern Entomologist 45 (1), 2020, pp. 325-328. doi : 10.3958 / 059.045.0138 .
  8. ↑ Steven K. Goldsmith: The mating system and alternative reproductive behaviors of Dendrobias mandibularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20, 1987, pp. 111-115. doi : 10.1007 / BF00572632 .
  9. ↑ Steven K. Goldsmith, John Alcock: The mating chances of small males of the cerambycid beetle Trachyderes mandibularis differ in different environments (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 6, 1993, pp. 351-360. doi : 10.1007 / BF01048116 .
  10. ^ Henri Dupont: Monograph des trachydérides de la famille des Longicornes. Magasin de Zoologie, Paris, 6, 1836; Pp. 1-51 and 141-164.
  11. ↑ Dendrobias mandibularis on bugguide.net; accessed on May 4, 2021.

literature

  • Margery Milne, Susan Rayfield: The Audubon Society field guide to North American insects and spiders . New York 1980, ISBN 0-394-50763-0 , pp. 592-593 .