Guben / Bresinchen depot

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The depot of Guben / Bresinchen , also known as the Bresinchen hoard find , is an archaeological depot find from the Early Bronze Age that was discovered in the district of Bresinchen von Guben ( district of Spree-Neisse ).

Find description

The hoard was recovered on April 22nd and 23rd, 1954 in the Coschen gravel works and is one of the largest Bronze Age hoards in Lower Lusatia . Numerous bronze objects with a total weight of 30.381 kg were deposited in two belly-carved clay vessels . The vessels were found at a distance of 2 m from one another. During the rescue, the contents of both vessels were mixed, but a simultaneous laying down cannot be ruled out. One vessel has four handle strips and a swinging neck, the other sturdy handle knobs and a short, easily retracting neck. The depth of only one of the vessels is known. It stood 0.75 m below the sole of the lawn in the sand on a layer of clay.

The bronzes contained are: 86 Saxon type edge ridge axes and 17 of the North German type. Four of the same type daggers that are cast in one piece, a dagger with an ornate sword that may originally a bar dagger belonged to a narrow dagger in Schäftungsbereich decorated sword, a dagger with decorated blade and two-handle and a small dagger with a handle bar . Two daggers, one with a straight neck and the other with a pointed neck. A longitudinally ribbed double ax , ten eyelet neck rings , nine heavy oval open rings, four of which have ends decorated with lines, two large and two small Thuringian rings and nine leech rings of various thicknesses, three of which are slightly faceted. A special feature among the finds is a dagger with four gold discs on the handle.

Metal analysis

Spectral analysis of the bronzes was carried out in the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle . These were compared with the results of similar work, in which groupings of trace elements were determined in their scenic distribution in Central Europe. It was found that 30% of the edge ridge axes from the Bresinchener hoard contain English-Irish copper, but overall "typical Aunjetitz copper" dominates. It is also noticeable that the average copper content is around 96% and the tin content rarely exceeds 1–2% and only twice 3% and is on average around 0.4%. Only two rings have a higher tin content of 5.2% and ~ 10%. Since bronze is defined by a mixing ratio of 9: 1 (copper: tin), only these two objects can be regarded as "real" bronzes, in which the tin was deliberately added. The majority of the objects show higher additions of arsenic, silver and antimony and are therefore to be addressed as arsenic bronzes.

Origin and dating

Different types of hoard show connections to the Bohemian-Moravian area, to the Saxon-Thuringian area, to the Saale area, to the Middle Elbe group, to Poland and to northern Germany. Some items are clearly imported goods. In the case of some Saxon marginal ridge axes, which show a strong North German influence, it is considered whether they could have been made in the Oder-Neisse area.

The depot is dated to around 1700 BC. Dated and assigned to the Aunjetitz culture .

More finds from the area

Between Guben and the forest to the south , along the Neisse , other bronze depots with very similar compositions, numerous individual finds and some Bronze Age graves are known. In the area between Neisse and Lubst , among other things, a settlement pit with a cone cup and a general accumulation of finds were found.

Whereabouts

Parts of the hoard find have been exhibited in the Brandenburg State Archaeological Museum in the Paulikloster in Brandenburg an der Havel since 2008 .

literature

  • Rolf Breddin : The Aunjetitz bronze find from Bresinchen, district of Guben. In: Publications of the Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Potsdam 5 (1969), pp. 15–56.
  • Ernst Probst : Germany in the Bronze Age. Munich 1996.
  • Bernd Zich : Studies on the regional and chronological structure of the northern Aunjetitz culture. 1996.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rolf Breddin, 1969, p. 15.
  2. ↑ Rolf Breddin, 1969, p. 32.
  3. ↑ Rolf Breddin, 1969, catalog p. 50–56.
  4. ↑ Rolf Breddin, 1969, p. 39f.
  5. ↑ Waldtraut Bohm : On the older Bronze Age of the Mark Brandenburg . 1935, maps
  6. ^ Minister Wanka on an information visit to Pauli Monastery , accessed on January 18, 2011