Dyricke Gerarde

Dyricke Gerarde (active from about 1540 to about 1580) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance who apparently worked in England.

Live and act

Neither the dates of birth nor death of Dyricke Gerarde are known, and his place of activity is only certain with some probability. Most of his work is in six part books owned by Lord John Lumley (1534-1609), who resided at Nonsuch Palace in Surrey ; therefore the music historical research concluded that the composer was in his service or in the service of his father-in-law Henry FitzAlan, the 12th Earl of Arundel (around 1511–1579 / 80). This assumption cannot be substantiated because the Nonsuch Palace was destroyed in the 1680s and thus all relevant documents were lost. At least two clues remain for this: one is the text of his motet “Murus Æneus”, which corresponds to the Lumley family motto, the other is one of Gerardes assistants, a certain Morel, who is also a servant in the Arundel household, the two collections of chansons annotated the nonsuch library. The inventory of the well-known Nonsuch library from 1596 also mentions a "Roll of Cannons of Dethick Gerrarde", which is completely missing.

The name of the composer indicates a Flemish descent; the musical style of his works, with its resemblance to Johannes Lupi or Orlando di Lasso, is typical of Franco-Flemish music, although there are indications that, as a wealthy music lover, he used the name as a pseudonym, perhaps also to cover other aspects of his class or his own Conceal denomination. The six part books mentioned represent an unusually extensive collection of manuscripts from before 1600; none of this appeared in contemporary prints. After Gerarde also collected compositions by other masters, the part books also contain unique items by composers such as Nicolas Gombert , Thomas Crécquillon , Jacobus Clemens non Papa , Haveriq, DeWismes, Truie, Paon, Latfeur and Morel. Some of the lesser-known composers mentioned are only known through Gerardes manuscripts.

meaning

The six part books with works by Dyricke Gerarde have the rare property that the chronological development of the composer can be read from them. In the early works there is a consistently flowing counterpoint with long melismatic lines. Later the melisms become fewer and shorter and are more used for decoration; there is a growing tendency from modal to tonal style, cadences become more frequent and polyphony is dominated by harmony . Dissonances and the frequency of ornamentation are also reduced . Particularly typical for his works is the emphasized use of the expressly notated tritone in the melody and occasionally successive harmonies in the tritone spacing. The composer also shows a preference for odd-numbered meters, especially those with five or seven units, as in the piece "Domine clamavi ad te"; the piece “Ego autem cantabo” shows a structure of eleven units. Many of the texts of his works come from pieces by other composers, although the melodies have no similarities with those of the text.

Many works in Gerardes part books exist in several versions, the earlier ones containing all deletions, deletions and changes that lead to the last version; they allow an insight into the working methods of a composer of the 16th century. In addition, they show the ongoing musical style change with its reduction in ornamentation and the degree of dissonance, the replacement of melismatics with syllabic , precise text underlay and the consistent setting of accidentals. Dyricke Gerarde's manuscripts reveal essential details of how a composer of the time selected materials, studied styles, sought techniques, experimented and discarded, collected and revised. Overall, his part books document the works of a capable, sensitive and self-critical composer and his path from the dense, imitative techniques of Nicholas Gombert's generation to the more text-oriented style of Orlando di Lasso.

Works

Complete edition: Dyricke Gerarde, Complete Works , St. Albans 2001

• Spiritual motets
  • “Ad te levavi oculos” with six votes
  • “Adhesit pavimento anima mea” to five voices
  • “Angelus ad pastores ait” with eight votes
  • “Angelus Domini descendit” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Animam meam dilectam” with six voices
  • “Ascendens Christ” to five votes
  • "Aspice Domine" to six votes
  • “Beati omnes” with five voices
  • “Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel” to five votes
  • "Christ factus est" to five votes
  • "Cognovi Domine" with eight votes
  • “Congregati sunt inimichi nostri” to five votes
  • “Creator omnium” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Da mihi Domine” to six votes
  • “Da pacem Domine” to five votes
  • “Derelinquat impius viam” (I) to six voices
  • “Derelinquat impius viam” (II) with six voices
  • “Derelinquat impius viam” (III) with six parts, incomplete
  • “Deus in nomine tuo” with four votes
  • “Deus qui superbis resistis” with seven votes
  • “Domine clamavi ad te” to six votes
  • “Domine da mihi animum purum” to seven voices
  • “Domine ne memineris” with six votes
  • “Dum transsiset Sabatum” to six votes
  • “Ego autem cantabo” (I) to five votes
  • “Ego autem cantabo” (II) to seven voices
  • “Ego Dominus” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Ego flos campi” to five voices, incomplete
  • "Egrediente Domino" with five voices
  • “Fidem refondens” to four votes
  • “Fremuit Spiritus Jhesus” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Gloria tibi Trinitas” with six voices, incomplete
  • “Gratia vobis” to nine votes
  • “Heu michi Domine” to four voices, incomplete
  • “Hodie Christ natus est” with eight votes
  • “Hodie nobis celorum rex” with eight voices
  • “Hodie nobis de celo” with five voices
  • “Honor virtus et potestas” with seven voices
  • “Illuminare Jerusalem” to eight votes
  • “In monte Oliveti” to seven votes
  • “In patientia vestra” to four votes
  • “In tribulatione mea” with eight votes
  • “Laudate Dominum omnes gentes” (I) with four votes
  • “Laudate Dominum omnes gentes” (II) with five votes
  • “Laudate Dominum in Sanctis” with eight votes
  • “Laudemus omnes” with eight votes
  • “Laus Deo Patri” to ten votes
  • “Letare Jherusalem” with six votes
  • “Levavi oculos meos” to five voices
  • “Magi veniunt ab oriente” to six votes
  • “Miserere mei Deus” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Miserere mei Domine” to five votes
  • “Misericordia et veritas” with six votes
  • “Misit me vivens Pater” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Multiplicati sunt” to five votes
  • “Noe, Noe, Exultemus” to eight votes
  • “Non me vicat Deus meus” to six voices
  • “Nunquid adheret tibi” with six votes
  • “O Maria vernans rosa” to five voices
  • “Occurrerunt Maria et Martha” with six votes
  • “Omnis caro finum” with six votes
  • “Parvulus filius hodie natus est” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Peccantem me quotidie” to six votes
  • “Peccata mea Domine” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Proba me domine” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Puer qui natus est” with six votes
  • "Quare Fremduerunt gentes" to five votes
  • “Quare tristis es” to six votes
  • “Respice in me” to four votes
  • “Si bona suscepimus” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Sic Deus dilexit mundum” with six voices
  • “Sive vigilem” to six voices
  • “Timor et tremor” (I) with eight voices
  • “Timor et tremor” (II) with eight voices
  • “Tribulationem nostram” with six votes
  • “Do Bethlehem terra Judah” to five votes
  • “Tua es potentia” to five votes
  • “Urbs beata Jerusalem” for seven voices, fragment
  • “Versa est in luctum” to six votes
  • “Vias tuas Domine” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Viri galilei” to six votes
  • “Vivere vis recte” to six voices
  • “Voce mea ad Dominum clamavi” with five voices

• Other sacred works
  • Anthem “Lord by me judge” to four votes, incomplete
  • “O souverain Pasteur” to five votes
  • “Père éternel” to five votes
• Secular motets
  • “Dulces exuviae” to five votes
  • “Ex animo cuncto” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Fortem vocemus” (I) for four voices
  • “Fortem vocemus” (II) to five voices
  • “Murus Æneus sana conscientia” with eight voices
  • “Omnibus in rebus” with five voices, incomplete
• Polyphonic secular songs
  • “Pandalidon flaxos” to four voices, incomplete
  • “Yf Phebus stormes” to five votes
• Madrigals
  • "Amor piangeva" to five votes
  • “Die lume un tempo” to five voices
  • “Gî piansi” to five votes
  • “Il foco ch'io sentia” to four voices
  • “La neve i monti” with four voices, incomplete

• Chansons
  • “Adieu celle qui j'ai servi” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Adieu l'espoir” to five votes
  • “Adieu mon esperance” (I) to five votes
  • “Adieu mon esperance” (II) to six votes
  • “Aiez pitie de votre amant” to five votes
  • “Amour au ceur” (I) with five voices, incomplete
  • “Amour au ceur” (II) with five votes
  • “Amy souffrez” to five votes
  • "Avecques vous mon amour finera" with eight voices, counterfactor of "En attendant d'amour" (II)
  • “Bonjour m'ayme” to five votes
  • “Ce mois de may” (I) with four voices, incomplete
  • “Ce mois de may” (II) with five votes
  • “C'est grand plaisir” to six votes
  • “Ceste belle petite bouche” to five voices
  • “Donez secours” with four voices, incomplete
  • “En attendant d'amour” (I) with four parts, incomplete
  • “En attendant d'amour” (II) with eight votes
  • “En attendant secours” to five votes
  • "Est il possible" to five votes
  • “Hatez vous” to six votes
  • “Hellas quel jour” with six voices
  • “J'ay si fort bataillez” to five votes
  • “J'ay tant chasse” to eight votes
  • “J'ay veu le temps” to five voices
  • “Je l'aime bien” to five votes
  • “Je ne desire que la mort” with five voices, incomplete
  • “Je ne me puis tenir” to five votes
  • “Je ne scay coment” (I) to five votes, incomplete
  • “Je ne scay coment” (II) to five votes
  • “Je ne suis pas de ses gens la” (I) to four voices, incomplete
  • “Je ne suis pas de ses gens la” (II) to five votes
  • “Je suis aimez” to five votes, incomplete
  • “Je suis amoureulx” to five votes
  • “Je suis desheritée” with six votes
  • “Joieusement il faict” to four votes, incomplete
  • “Las voulez vous” with six votes
  • “Le bergier et la bergierre” with five votes
  • “Le rossignol plaisant” to six votes
  • “Le souvenir d'aimer” with five voices
  • “Mon ceur chante” (I) with four voices, incomplete
  • “Mon ceur chante” (II) to five voices
  • “Mon cuer chante” (III) with six voices
  • “Oncques amour ne fust” (I) to five voices, incomplete
  • "Oncques amour ne fust" (II) to six voices, counterfactor part of "Derelinquat impius viam" (I)
  • “Or est venu le printemps gracieulx” with six voices
  • “Par vous seule” to five voices, incomplete
  • “Petitte fleur” to six votes
  • “Plaisir n'ay plus” to six votes
  • “Pour une, read, j'endure” to six votes
  • “Pour une seulle” to five votes
  • “Prenez plaisir” to four voices, incomplete
  • “Puis que fortune” with six votes
  • “Puis qu'elle a mis a deulx son amitie” with five voices
  • “Resiouissons nous” to six votes
  • “Resveillez vous” to six votes
  • “Reviens vers moy” to four voices, incomplete
  • “Se dire ie l'osoye” to five votes
  • “Si j'ay du mal” to four votes
  • “Soions joyeulx joyeulxement” for four voices, incomplete
  • “Soions joyeulx sur la plaisant verdure” with eight voices
  • “Ta bonne grace” to five voices, incomplete
  • "Tant ay souffert" to six votes
  • “Tant qu'en amour” with four voices, incomplete
  • “Tous mes amis” with five votes
  • “Vivons joyeusement” with five votes
  • “Vivre ne puis sur terre” (I) to five voices
  • “Vivre ne puis sur terre” (II) to five voices

• Instrumental music
  • "J'attens secours" (can be reconstructed as a chanson with five voices)

Literature (selection)

• S. Jayne and FR Johnson (Eds.): The Lumley Library: the Catalog of 1609 , London 1956
• J. Dent: The Quest for Nonsuch , London 1960
• DR Epps: The Life and Works of Derick Gerarde , dissertation at Edinburgh University 1964
• CW Warren: The Music of Derick Gerarde , thesis at Ohio State University, 1966
• CW Warren: Music at Nonsuch , in: Musical Quarterly No. 54, 1968, pp. 47-57
• Alfred Baumgartner: Early music: From the beginnings of occidental music to the completion of the Renaissance , Kiesel, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0120-8
• J. Milsom: The Nonsuch Music Library , in: Sundry Sorts of Music Books: Essays on the British Library Collections, edited by C. Banks / A. Searle / M. Turner, London 1993, pp. 146-182
• JA Owens: Composers at Work: the Craft of Musical Composition 1450-1600 , New York 1997
• Anthony Milledge: The Music of Dyricke Gerarde , PhD thesis at Durham University 2001 ( online at Durham E-Theses)

Web links

• Works by and about Dyricke Gerarde in the catalog of the German National Library
• Sheet music in the public domain by Dyricke Gerarde in the Choral Public Domain Library - ChoralWiki (English)
• Dyricke Gerarde in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)
• Gerarde, Dyricke in the RISM- OPAC

swell

1. ↑ Anthony Milledge:  Gerarde, Dyricke. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 7 (Franco - Gretry). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2002, ISBN 3-7618-1117-9 , Sp. 756–758 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
2. ↑ John Milsom:  Gerarde, Derrick. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).