Earl of Arundel
Earl of Arundel is a hereditary British title in the Peerage of England . The title is the oldest earliest dignity of the Peerage of England and the oldest remaining title in the United Kingdom .
history
In December 1067 William the Conqueror enfeoffed his Norman follower and relative Roger II. De Montgomerie , Lord of Bellême , from the noble family Montgommery with the Honor of Arundel , with the condition that a castle be built there. He had the originally wooden motten castle Arundel Castle built on the river Arun , which gives it its name . In 1074 he was also given the title of Earl of Shrewsbury . His son, the 3rd Earl , was exiled in 1102, his lands confiscated by the Crown and his titles revoked after he rose up against King Henry I in 1101 and joined the invasion of Duke Roberts II of Normandy . Montgomery and his two sons are often not counted as earls, but merely as the first owners of the county.
After King Heinrich's death in 1135, his widow Adelheid von Löwen married the courtier Sir William d'Aubigny from the Norman noble family Aubigny in 1138 . He gained control of the Honor of Arundel with Arundel Castle through marriage. King Stephen first awarded him the title of Earl of Lincoln in 1139 . This was in fact lost to him when Lincoln Castle was conquered during the Civil War in 1140 and the title was reassigned to William de Roumare around 1141 . King Stephan then awarded him the title of Earl of Arundel in 1141 as compensation . With the death of his great-grandson, the 5th Earl, the Aubigny family died out in the male line. Arundel Castle fell through his sister Isabel d'Aubigny to her son John FitzAlan from the originally Breton noble family FitzAlan , to which the Scottish and later British royal family Stuart can be traced back. This was followed by his son, grandson and great grandson as Lord of Arundel Castle. The latter, Richard FitzAlan , was appointed as Earl of Arundel in the royal parliament in 1289 by King Edward I by Writ of Summons , thereby creating the new title. In 1405 the 13th Earl inherited from his mother the subordinate title of 3rd Baron Maltravers .
King Henry VI. 1433 expressly confirmed the unique tradition that the title of Earl of Arundel as a title ("earldom by tenure") always belongs to the respective owner of Arundel Castle. This retrospectively established that the title de iure, awarded by King Stephen in 1141, has existed since 1138 and has been due in an unbroken line to the lords of the castle from the houses of Aubigny and FitzAlan, even if not all of them claimed and carried the title de facto . The award of King Edward I in 1289 is generally regarded as a parallel award of the title with the usual inheritance only to legitimate male descendants and counted separately.
The last Earl of the FitzAlan family, Henry FitzAlan, 19th and 12th Earl of Arundel , was implicated in the Ridolfi Conspiracy to bring Mary Queen of Scots to the English throne, which earned the Earl lifelong house arrest. When he died in 1580 without leaving any sons, the earl title of 1289 expired, Arundel Castle and the earl title of 1138 fell to the son of his daughter Mary, who died in 1557, Philip Howard of the Howard family , as the 20th earl. His father Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, was executed for treason in 1572 and his title was revoked. Philip Howard also participated in a conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth I and was stripped of his earl title in 1589. His son Thomas Howard achieved in 1604 under King James I the restoration of the title of 21st Earl of Arundel and the title of 4th Earl of Surrey and 11th Baron Maltravers. In 1627, the Act of Parliament gave him the barony of FitzAlan, Clun and Oswaldestre , and was permanently connected to the Earldom of Arundel. His great-grandson, the 23rd Earl of Arundel , succeeded in 1660 that the title of 5th Duke of Norfolk was restored for him. The earl title has since been a subordinate title of the respective Dukes of Norfolk. The eldest son of the respective duke carries the courtesy title Earl of Arundel and Surrey as his probable title heir ( Heir apparent ) .
List of the Earls of Arundel
Lords (Earls?) Of Arundel (1067)
- Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury († 1094)
- Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury († 1098)
- Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury († after 1130) (title forfeited 1102)
Earls of Arundel, first bestowal (1138/1141)
- William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel , 1st Earl of Lincoln († 1176)
- William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel († 1193)
- William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel († 1221)
- William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel († 1224)
- Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel (1215-1243)
- John FitzAlan , de iure 6th Earl of Arundel (1223-1267)
- John FitzAlan , de iure 7th Earl of Arundel (1245–1272 / 3)
- Richard FitzAlan, 8th and 1st Earl of Arundel (1267–1302)
- Edmund FitzAlan, 9th and 2nd Earl of Arundel (1285-1326) (title forfeited 1326)
- Richard FitzAlan, 10th and 3rd Earl of Arundel , 8th Earl of Surrey (1313–1376) (title restored 1331)
- Richard FitzAlan, 11th and 4th Earl of Arundel , 9th Earl of Surrey (1346-1397) (title forfeited 1397)
- Thomas FitzAlan, 12th and 5th Earl of Arundel , 10th Earl of Surrey (1381–1415) (title restored 1400)
- John FitzAlan, 13th and 6th Earl of Arundel (1385-1421)
- John FitzAlan, 14th and 7th Earl of Arundel (1408–1435)
- Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th and 8th Earl of Arundel (1429-1438)
- William FitzAlan, 16th and 9th Earl of Arundel (1417–1487)
- Thomas FitzAlan, 17th and 10th Earl of Arundel (1450–1524)
- William FitzAlan, 18th and 11th Earl of Arundel (1476–1544)
- Henry FitzAlan, 19th and 12th Earl of Arundel (1512–1580)
- Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel (1557–1595) (title forfeited 1589)
- Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel , 4th Earl of Surrey (1585–1646) (title restored 1604)
- Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel , 5th Earl of Surrey (1608-1652)
- Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk , 23rd Earl of Arundel, 6th Earl of Surrey (1628–1677)
- Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk , 24th Earl of Arundel, 7th Earl of Surrey (* 1628 - † 1684)
- Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk , 25th Earl of Arundel, 8th Earl of Surrey (* 1655; † 1701)
- Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk , 26th Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey (* 1683, † 1732)
- Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk , 27th Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey (* 1685 - † 1777)
- Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk , 28th Earl of Arundel, 11th Earl of Surrey (* 1720 - † 1786)
- Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk , 29th Earl of Arundel, 12th Earl of Surrey (* 1746, † 1815)
- Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk , 30th Earl of Arundel, 13th Earl of Surrey (* 1765, † 1842)
- Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk , 31st Earl of Arundel, 14th Earl of Surrey (* 1791; † 1856)
- Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk , 32nd Earl of Arundel, 15th Earl of Surrey (* 1815 - † 1860)
- Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk , 33rd Earl of Arundel, 16th Earl of Surrey (1847 - 1917)
- Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk , 34th Earl of Arundel, 17th Earl of Surrey (* 1908; † 1975)
- Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk , 35th Earl of Arundel, 18th Earl of Surrey (1915 - 2002)
- Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk , 36th Earl of Arundel, 19th Earl of Surrey (born 1956)
Current Heir Apparent is the son of the current title holder Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey (* 1987).
Earls of Arundel, second bestowal (1289)
- Richard FitzAlan, 8th and 1st Earl of Arundel (1267–1302)
- Edmund FitzAlan, 9th and 2nd Earl of Arundel (1285-1326) (title forfeited 1326)
- Richard FitzAlan, 10th and 3rd Earl of Arundel , 8th Earl of Surrey (1313–1376) (title restored 1331)
- Richard FitzAlan, 11th and 4th Earl of Arundel , 9th Earl of Surrey (1346-1397) (title forfeited 1397)
- Thomas FitzAlan, 12th and 5th Earl of Arundel , 10th Earl of Surrey (1381–1415) (title restored 1400)
- John FitzAlan, 13th and 6th Earl of Arundel (1385-1421)
- John FitzAlan, 14th and 7th Earl of Arundel (1408–1435)
- Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th and 8th Earl of Arundel (1429-1438)
- William FitzAlan, 16th and 9th Earl of Arundel (1417–1487)
- Thomas FitzAlan, 17th and 10th Earl of Arundel (1450–1524)
- William FitzAlan, 18th and 11th Earl of Arundel (1476–1544)
- Henry FitzAlan, 19th and 12th Earl of Arundel (1512–1580) (title expired)
See also
Remarks
- ↑ The document situation creates confusion here, since Richard FitzAlan is named Earl of Sussex instead of Earl of Arundel in the Writ of Summons of 1289 . But since the mighty magnate John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey , Earl of Sussex is mentioned in Writs of Summons from the same period, FitzAlan is probably a typo. In further Writs of Summons from the years 1291/92 and 1295, Richard FitzAlan is accordingly expressly called to Parliament as Earl of Arundel .
literature
- George Edward Cokayne : The Complete Peerage . Volume 1 (1910), pp. 233ff
Web links
- Entry Arundel on Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page
- Arundel, Earl of (E, c.1139) at Cracroft's Peerage