Pierre-Joseph Desault
Pierre-Joseph Desault (born February 6, 1744 in Vouhenans , today in the Haute-Saône department , † June 1, 1795 in Paris ) was a French surgeon of European rank.
Live and act
Desault was raised by Jesuits. He learned surgery from a bathers in Lure and in the war hospital in Belfort , where he mainly treated gunshot wounds . In 1764 he came to Paris , where he attended the Collège de Chirurgie as a student of Antoine Petit and received the chair of anatomy after only two years . Its reputation soon attracted a large number of students. From 1776 to 1782 he was an operator at the Hospice de Écoles. In 1782 he became the chief surgeon at the Hôpital de la Charité and in 1785 chief surgeon and teacher at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris , which under him became a European center of surgery. In 1795 he became professor of clinical surgery at the École de Santé. His sudden death is often attributed to poisoning.
Desault was the founder of a new surgical school. His main merit is that he brought accuracy and method to the study of surgery, perfected the treatment of broken bones by introducing better types of dressing, and first introduced the clinical practice of wound medicine in France. The Desault bandage is named after him, a bandage to immobilize the shoulder joint and upper arm in the case of broken collarbones. Another name after him is the Desault sign, the rotation in the case of femoral neck fracture. As a man of practice he published little; but his ideas were recorded by his students.
Works
His teaching can be found in the observations made by his students at the Hôtel-Dieu and in the Journal de Chirurgie (Paris 1791–1795, 4 vols .; German, Frankfurt 1801–1806, 12 vols.) And in the observations made by Marie François Xavier Bichat Oeuvres chirurgicales published by François Chopart under Desault's name (Paris 1798–1803, 3 vols .; latest edition by Roux, das. 1813; German von Wardenburg, Götting. 1799–1800, 4 vols.).
literature
- C. Olivier: Pierre-Joseph Desault . In: Chirurgie 96 (1970), pp. 26-36
- Barbara Tshisuaka: Desault, Pierre Joseph . In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte , 2004, p. 294
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jürgen Konert: Pierre Joseph Desault , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition 2006, Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York p. 93. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Desault, Pierre-Joseph |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French surgeon of European standing |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 6, 1744 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vouhenans |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 1, 1795 |
| Place of death | Paris |