German Academy for Social and Educational Work with Women
German Academy for Social and Educational Women's Work was one of the first educational institutions with the character of a university-level institution by women for women for further development within social work. In addition, it should qualify women for the training of social workers, kindergarten teachers, youth leaders, nannies and higher administrative posts, initiate research projects and conduct lecture series for voluntary and professional helpers in social work. There was also a department for the training of sisters in managerial positions and an institute for housekeeping , which served the further training of home economics teachers. The institution by no means wanted to replace university studies for those women striving for a scientific career.
history
On May 25, 1925, Alice Salomon founded the women's academy, supported by the avant-garde of the welfare service at the time. These included Marie Baum , Gertrud Bäumer , Hildegard von Gierke , Helene Weber , Siddy Wronsky , Eduard Spranger , Hans Muthesius and many other people and corporations. The establishment was headed by Alice Salomon as chairwoman of the board, from 1928 together with Hilde Lion .
Official teaching began in October of the founding year in the premises of the Social Women's School in Berlin-Schöneberg with 10 courses and a total of 358 participants: youth leaders, vocational and technical school teachers, welfare workers, etc. The founding idea undoubtedly came from the USA:
“Salomon knew that social work 'in the hallowed halls' of German universities could not be established as a training course. She saw the position of the academy as more analogous to technical, artistic or agricultural universities. "
Alice Salomon wrote about the goal and task of the women's college :
“The academy does not address the mass of women. She wants to further educate especially gifted people who strive beyond the middle achievements, to help them to external advancement as to a deeper penetration into the spiritual bases of their profession. Both educational and social work need leaders for higher and managerial posts. It needs people who set new goals for social and educational work beyond their daily work. The academy also wants to become a place where teachers for socio-educational institutions such as women's schools and welfare schools are trained. Because of the lack of women who are suitable for such tasks, the development of the higher technical schools in these areas arises a real danger. "
From 1926 onwards, the academy students, who came from all over Germany and in some cases also from neighboring German-speaking countries, could choose between one-year full study courses and two to three-year evening study courses in addition to their work. In addition to a variety of theoretical subjects (e.g. welfare law, sociology and economics, psychology, pedagogy and institutionalization), the course also included visits to welfare institutions and companies, as well as participation in conferences and congresses as well as study trips to, among others, Holland, Austria and England led.
The mother's courses and the training courses for sisters in managerial positions formed a separate and special group of tasks .
Lectures and lectures were given not only by women but also by men. These included such important scientists of the time as Albert Einstein , Carl Gustav Jung , Ernst Cassirer , Theodor Heuss , Eduard Spranger , Ludwig Klages , Paul Tillich , Romano Guardini , to name just a few of the many. The latter gave, for example, lectures / presentations on: humanization of the person (1925), basic ethical-religious questions of existence (1927) and a lecture cycle on Dostoevsky (1932).
In 1926 a research department was attached to the academy and two years later a broad-based social science program, research on "The existence and shocks of the family in the present" , was launched. Alice Salomon and Marie Baum took over the management and coordination of the research work. From 1930 to 1933 13 monographs were published (out of a planned 27), including by Marie Baum, Erna Corte , Margarete Meusel, Alix Westerkamp , Elisabeth Luedy and Agnes Martens-Edelmann . The published volumes are important today as documents about the family in Germany immediately before the Third Reich. The subjects of the individual examinations (including two written by men) are:
- Family life in the present. 182 family monographs , Berlin 1930
- On the structure of the family. Statistical materials , Berlin 1931
- The family relationships of children in kindergartens, daycare centers and day care centers , Berlin 1930
- The youth in the big city family. Based on written records of vocational school students from Berlin ., By Günter Krolzig, Berlin 1930
- Rhythm of family life. The daily workload to be performed by the family , Berlin 1931
- The composition of the family income , Eberswalde 1931
- On the domestic help of children and young people , Eberswalde 1932
- Homelessness and family life. General investigation. Edited under the direction of Hanna Meuter . Publishing company R. Müller, Eberswalde 1932
- Homeless men , Ed. Hanna Meuter, Eberswalde undated (1932)
- Family relationships of divorced and married women , Eberswalde o.J.
- Working mothers in fatherless families , Eberswalde o. J.
- The housekeeping and maternity benefits of the factory worker , Eberswalde o. J.
- Living conditions of single mothers in the country , by Marga (d. I. Margarete) Meusel, Eberswalde 1933
For the economic, sociological and socio-psychological surveys, the authors rejected the scientific research methods customary at the time. Rather, they had to develop the technique of understanding (Salomon / Baum 1930, p. 10) and combined data from population and income statistics with the method of interpretive description. In addition, there were semi-standardized interviews and questionnaires with which the scientists visited numerous families from different social classes or institutions such as crèches, nurseries and after-school care centers.
On May 5, 1933, Alice Salomon dissolved the academy at a secret board meeting in order to save it from being attacked by the Nazis and to protect the Jewish employees. It remains to be noted that a promising branch of social education has been liquidated here, for which there is still no equivalent [...]. Without a doubt, the scientific development of social work would have taken a different course if this facility had been preserved.
Well-known graduates
- Martha Bieder , headed the home nursery school in Basel from 1935 to 1965
- Elmire Coler , headed the Berlin Evangelical Social Women's School of the Inner Mission
- Gertrud holiday
- Marianne Hapig
- Margarete Meusel
- Rajna Petkova
- Gertrud Staewen
- Helene Wessel
swell
- Alice Salomon: The Academy for Social and Educational Women's Work . In: Deutsche Mädchenbildung 1925/1. Jhg. , No. 23/25, pp. 561-562.
- Alice Salomon: The Women's Academy. In: Pages of the German Red Cross 1927/6. Jhg. , No. 5, pp. 23-26.
- Alice Salomon: The German Academy for Social and Educational Women's Work in the Overall Structure of the German Education System , in: German Journal for Welfare Care 1929 / No. 3, pp. 137-144.
- Alice Salomon / Marie Baum : Family life in the present. 182 family monographs, Berlin 1930.
literature
- Manfred Berger : Alice Salomon. Pioneer of social work and the women's movement. Frankfurt am Main 2005.
- Gudrun Deuter: Presentation and analysis of the lecture cycles at the "German Academy for Social and Educational Women's Work" in the years 1925–1932. Unpublished thesis. Bonn 2001.
- Rolf Landwehr: Alice Salomon and its importance for social work. Berlin 1981.
- Hildegard Ries: History of the idea of higher education for women in Germany. Munster 1927.
- Paula Rengier : Academy for social and educational work with women. In: Josef Spieler (Ed.): Lexicon of contemporary pedagogy. Freiburg / Br. 1930, col. 23-26.
- Anja Schüler: Women's Movement and Social Reform. Stuttgart 2004.
- Elke Kruse: Levels to academization. Ways of training for social work from welfare school to bachelor / master model , Wiesbaden 2004.
- Adriane Feustel, Gerd Koch (ed.): 100 years of social teaching and learning. From the women's social school to the Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin. Berlin 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kruse 2004, p. 87
- ↑ Salomon 1929, p. 144
- ^ Rengier 1930, Col. 24
- ↑ Schüler 2004, p. 300.
- ↑ Salomon 1926, cit. n. Berger 2005 p. 64 ff.
- ↑ cf. Deuter 2001
- ↑ Landwehr 1981, p. 70.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
