Hilde Lion

Hilde Gudilla Lion (born May 14, 1893 in Hamburg ; † April 8, 1970 in Hindhead / Surrey, Great Britain ) was a German sociologist and founder of a school in England.

Life

Hilde Lion was the third of four children in a Jewish merchant family that had lived in Hamburg for many generations. She received the high school education that was usual for girls of her class at the time, which prepared her for a job as a teacher. For a short time Lion worked as a teacher and thus experienced the misery of the lower class children up close. Then she decided to study to become a welfare worker, which she completed at the newly founded social pedagogical seminar in Hamburg. This educational institution was headed by Gertrud Bäumer and Marie Baum.

Hilde Lion joined the German Democratic Party . As party secretary she worked from December 1918 to April 1919 in Hamburg and from November 1914 to September in Frankfurt am Main on the task of organizing the large group of women who flocked to the party. She also supported Ida Dehmel in editing the letters of the poet Richard Dehmel .

Lion then studied economics at the universities in Freiburg, Berlin and Cologne. In Cologne it was in 1924 when Leopold von Wiese Dr. rer. pol did his doctorate with the dissertation “The class-struggle and the Catholic-confessional German women's movement”. Due to her scientific research, she came into personal contact and a. to Clara Zetkin , Hedwig Dransfeld and Bertha Pappenheim .

From 1925, the young graduate economist taught pedagogy and methodology at the social pedagogical seminar of the youth home association in Charlottenburg , founded by Anna von Gierke , which maintained a wide network of care facilities.

In 1928 she became the director of studies and in 1929 the first and only director of the German Academy for Social and Educational Women’s Work , which was established by Alice Salomon . The board of directors of the training and research facility for typical women's professions included chairpersons Alice Salomon Charlotte Dietrich , Gertrud Bäumer , Marie Baum , Lilli Droescher, Hildegard von Gierke , Helene Weber , Anna von Gierke , Siddy Wronsky , Eduard Spranger , Wilhelm Polligkeit and others. a., a total of 25 people and 28 organizations from the German Association of Women Academics to social professional associations to the Froebel Association and the Lette Association . The director of studies was able to win over many important scientists of the time for lectures: Gertrud Bäumer, Helene Weber, Marie Baum, Eduard Spranger, Romano Guardini and others. a. talked about social, ethical, religious, philosophical and literary topics. Guardini, for example, held a highly acclaimed series of lectures on the Russian writer Fyodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski in February 1932 .

In addition to her work in training and further education for typical women's professions, Lion was also involved in the German women's movement. a. Chair of the “Association of Lecturers at Socio-Pedagogical Educational Institutions” and presented numerous publications on the issue of training for social work, the women's movement and voluntary labor service for girls and women.

Since Lion was of Jewish descent, the National Socialists requested their removal from the academy soon after they came to power. The board of directors of the academy, among them Gertrud Bäumer , decided to dissolve the institute. Lion had to leave the women's academy in 1933 and emigrated to England. Her partner at the time, Emmy Wolff (from whom she later separated privately - not professionally - to live with the music teacher Luise Leven ) followed her in 1935. In England, Hilde founded Lion with the support of the Quakers - especially Bertha Bracey and von she headed the Germany Emergency Committee - the Stoatley Rough School , which she headed until it closed in 1960. In addition to Luise Leven and Emmy Wolff, other important partners in setting up and running the school were Eleonore Astfalck and Johanna Nacken . The home school in exile founded by Lion “stood out among the relatively large number of comparable institutions in Great Britain by providing professional care for even smaller and difficult children by socio-educational specialists and by the rich organization of intercultural offers (theater performances, concerts, literature courses) for the local audience. ".

After 1945, Lion often visited Germany in order to a. to meet with the former youth hostel . She did not consider returning to her country of origin.

Works

• Expectant. On the characteristics of social school students, in: Die Frau , 25 (1918), p. 267 ff.
• On the problem of a women's party, in: Die Frau , 32 (1925), p. 138 ff.
• On the sociology of the women's movement. The socialist and catholic women's movements . Herbig, Berlin 1926
• Questions of socio-educational training, in: Die Frau , 35 (1928), p. 674 ff.
• The general women's magazines in Germany, in Emmy Wolff, Hg .: Women generations in pictures. Herbig, Berlin 1928, pp. 108-115
• Guidelines for the curricula of welfare schools, in: Die Frau , 1 (1930), p. 50 f
• Training for a social profession, in: Die Frau , 38 (1931), p. 363 ff.
• Voluntary labor service for girls, in: Deutsche Lehrerinnenzeitung , 49 (1932), p. 360 ff.
• Unemployed, but not unemployed, in: Die Deutsche Lehrerinnenzeitung , 49 (1932), p. 7 ff.

literature

• Manfred Berger : Hilde Lion: Founder of a rural education home in exile in England , in: Zeitschrift für Erlebnispädagogik, 24, 2004, p. 49 ff.
• Manfred Berger: Who was ... Hilde Lion? , in: Sozialmagazin, 26, 2001, p. 6 ff.
• Christiane Goldenstedt: Alice Salomon (1872–1948) and Hilde Lion (1893–1970), Spirale der Zeit 5/2009, writings from the Haus der FrauenGeschichte Bonn, pp. 73–77, Barbara Budrich Verlag (also in English).
• G. Deuter: Presentation and analysis of the lecture cycles at the "German Academy for Social and Educational Women's Work in the Years 1925–1932". Bonn 2001 (unpublished diploma thesis)
• Maike Eggemann, Sabine Hering (Ed.): Pioneers of modern social work. Texts and biographies on the development of social welfare. Juventa, Weinheim 1999, p. 282 ff.
• Hugo Maier (Ed.): Who is who der Sozialen Arbeit , Lambertus, Freiburg 1998, p. 364f
• Katharine Whitaker, Michael Johnson: Stoatley Rough School 1934–1960, Stoatley Rough School History Steering Committee, Bushey Watford 1994.

Web links

• The Five Principal Teachers at Stoatley Rough

Individual evidence

1. ↑ cf. Deuter 2001, p. 60 ff.
2. ↑ There are several sources that state that Emmy Wolff did not go to England with Hilde Lion immediately, but only in 1935, for example: Hildegard Feidel-Mertz (updated version: Hermann Schnorbach): Die Pädagogik der Landerziehungsheime im Exil , in : Inge Hansen-Schaberg (ed.): Landerziehungsheim-Pädagogik , new edition, reform pedagogical school concepts, Volume 2, Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH, Baltmannsweiler, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8340-0962-3 , p. 192, or the website The Five Principal Teachers at Stoatley Rough ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 
3. ↑ The Five Principal Teachers at Stoatley Rough ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ Maier 1998, p. 365
5. ↑ ie not confessional, ideological or party-political-union-oriented