Marianne Hapig

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Marianne Hapig (born March 5, 1894 in Hohenthurm near Halle ; † March 23, 1973 ) was a German social worker and active in the resistance against National Socialism .

Memorial plaque on Marienstraße 15, Berlin-Steglitz

Life

Marianne Hapig attended school in Halle and, after finishing school, switched to the social women's school of the Catholic Women's Association in Berlin . She graduated as a registered caregiver. In 1921 she became a tuberculosis welfare worker at the Berlin-Neukölln district office . It was there that she met her friend Marianne Pünder . From 1929 she was the first social worker (social welfare worker ) in a Catholic hospital, at the St. Hedwig Hospital in Berlin.

In the Weimar Republic , the role of social services in hospitals was discussed, with a particular focus on the level of nursing care rates and the reduction in patient length of stay. A leading representative of social work in the hospital was, alongside Hedwig Landsberg and Anni Tüllmann, Marianne Hapig. She was very committed to the livelihood of the social workers, who were paid as employees from 1920, but still had to accept differences between Catholic and city hospitals. So she stated that in 1935 a hospital welfare worker received 150 marks at a Catholic hospital but received 350–450 marks at a municipal hospital. Hapig advocated the principle that every major hospital can finance a social service without any particular difficulties. To finance it, she suggested a bed key and demanded a “fully trained worker” as a social worker. For small hospitals she considered establishing denominational patient care through the social service.

In the spring of 1942, a deportation collection point was set up in a former Jewish old people's home in the immediate vicinity of the St. Hedwig Hospital. Hapig and the senior physician Erhard Lux ​​hid some of the Jews admitted there as alleged patients in the St. Hedwig Hospital. Together with her friend, the lawyer Marianne Pünder, she organized a small aid center in her office in the St. Hedwig Hospital with a file of Jewish women who were illegally living in Berlin, for which she procured changing accommodation and food. They later also took care of those arrested in the July 20, 1944 conspiracy, organizing groceries, fresh linen, the transmission of hidden messages, and the delivery of spiritual literature. During the trials before the People's Court and the executions in Plötzensee , she assisted the detainees. Both acted in agreement with Cardinal Preysing and arranged for the prisoners to be appropriately prepared for the upcoming interrogations and trials (destruction of files, agreement of statements).

The food was distributed to the prisoners as Caritas catering and Hapig writes: "The full-time carers of the Caritas Association have the official mandate of their [Gestapo] office in their hands and are covered by their official mandate." She also brought hosts for the holy one Communion in the prison.

For Otto Geßler , who was severely abused and exhausted in the Ravensbrück concentration camp from the beginning of December 1944, the two Marians organized communion through Friedrich Erxleben, who was disrespectfully referred to as a "canary bird" by the Gestapo .

At the end of 1944, Marianne Hapig smuggled the documents from Father Delp , which were written in captivity under considerable restrictions (the abuse after the transfer from Munich to Berlin is documented in Marianne Hapig's diary) , which were later printed as a work with the title In the Face of Death the Tegel prison. Nikolaus Groß's farewell letter from the prison also made it public.

Assistance to the arrested

The following other political prisoners were supported by the initiative of the "two Mariannes":

Development of social stations at hospitals

1929: with Marianne Hapig as the first social worker at a Catholic hospital

1932: over 85% of the beds in the Catholic hospitals in Berlin are provided with an independent social service

Honors

Marianne Hapig and Marianne Pünder were honored together on a Berlin memorial plaque and the Marianne-Hapig-Weg in Berlin-Rudow bears Hapig's name.

It is listed at the German Resistance Memorial Center .

Trivia

  • A Caritas senior citizens' home in Berlin is named after her.
  • In the musical Nikolaus Groß reference is made to Marianne Hapig's deep Christian faith by describing a scene where Marianne Hapig went to an air raid shelter to pray with the people who stayed there instead of going into the assigned protective ditch during an air raid. After the attack she noticed a direct hit in the protective ditch and saw the hand of God at work here.

Works

  • Social hospital care in the institutions of free welfare , Free Welfare, 6th year, H. 4/1931, p. 149 ff.
  • Teaching to nursing students by the hospital carer , social professional work, 12th year, H. 1/1932, pp. 6–7
  • Diary and memories , Annweiler, undated

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German Resistance Memorial Center : German Resistance Memorial Center - Biography. Retrieved December 3, 2017 .
  2. ^ A b Peter Reinicke: Social hospital care in Germany: From the beginnings to the end of the Second World War . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-322-95123-6 ( google.de [accessed on December 3, 2017]).
  3. ↑ Hans-Rainer Sandvoss: "It is asked to monitor the church services ...": Religious communities in Berlin between adaptation, self-assertion and resistance from 1933 to 1945 . Lukas Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-184-6 ( google.de [accessed on December 3, 2017]).
  4. ^ Norbert F. Pötzl: Mission freedom - Wolfgang Vogel: lawyer of German-German history . Heyne Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-641-12254-6 ( google.de [accessed on December 3, 2017]).
  5. ↑ a b c Tuchel Johannes: "... and the rope is waiting for all of them.": The cell prison Lehrter Straße 3 after July 20, 1944 . Lukas Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86732-178-5 ( google.de [accessed on December 3, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Hapig, Marianne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German social worker and active in the resistance against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH March 5, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Hohenthurm
DATE OF DEATH March 23, 1973