Diada Nacional de Catalunya

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Meeting on September 11, 2003 at the monument to Rafael Casanova on Ronda de Sant Pere in Barcelona

Diada Nacional de Catalunya ( Catalan for "National Day of Catalonia"), also L'Onze de Setembre ("The Eleventh September") or simply La Diada ("The Holiday"), is the national holiday of Catalonia . It is celebrated every year on September 11th , in commemoration of the surrender of Barcelona on September 11th, 1714 after the siege of the city by the French and Spanish troops of Philip V , which concluded the War of the Spanish Succession . Subsequently, with the establishment of a centralized state in Spain based on the French model, Philip V abolishedthe oldself-government of Catalonia, which went back to the Crown of Aragon .

Story of the holiday

In the years after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, the defeat of the Habsburg camp - which large parts of Catalonia had joined - was initially only commemorated in the Catalan provinces in small funeral services on the day of surrender. Starting with the erection of the monument to Rafael Casanova  - the acting chairman of the city council during the siege - in 1888, on this day parties, unions and associations traditionally place flowers in honor of the city's defenders in public places related to people or events of September 11, 1714. In addition to Casanova (he died in 1743, 29 years later), Josep Moragues , general in the troops of Archduke Karl , who was executed after the capture of Barcelona, ​​is remembered .

With the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939, all forms of public commemoration in connection with La Diada were banned by the Francoist regime and only allowed again in 1976, after the death of Franco . The following year, on September 11th, one of the largest post-war rallies in Europe took place in Barcelona with over a million participants on Avinguda Diagonal . The public holiday was officially reintroduced by the Generalitat de Catalunya in 1980 with the first law it passed and was included in Article 8.3 of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy . However, this statute of autonomy was declared unconstitutional in parts by the Spanish Constitutional Court and repealed.

The Fossar de les Moreres

An important (central) memorial on this holiday is the square at Fossar de les Moreres , right next to the Santa Maria del Mar church , where many of the city's soldiers who died in 1714 were buried.

The events on the national holiday are increasingly under the influence of secessionist movements, supported since 2015 by the Catalan regional government. In 2017, the celebrations in Barcelona were dominated by the controversial independence referendum on October 1st .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Carlos Collado Seidel: Small history of Catalonia . 2nd Edition. No. 1759 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-406-72766-5 , p. 150 .
  2. ↑ Source: Online edition of the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ( Memento of December 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ See: Photo of the large demonstration for the restoration of Catalan autonomy in 1977 ( Memento of 19 May 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (On the website of the Generalitat de Catalunya )
  4. ↑ See: Official German translation of the Statute of Autonomy ( Memento of April 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 492 kB)
  5. ↑ Los independentistas desembarcan de forma masiva en Barcelona para la manifestación (Spanish) , La Vanguardia . 11th September 2017. 

Web links

Commons : Diada Nacional de Catalunya  - Collection of images, videos and audio files