Diamer-Basha Dam

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Diamer Bhasha
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Location: North Pakistan
Tributaries: Indus
Drain: Indus
Major cities nearby: Chilas
Diamer Bhasha (Pakistan)
Diamer Bhasha
Coordinates 35 ° 31 '10 "  N , 73 ° 44' 21"  E Coordinates: 35 ° 31 '10 "  N , 73 ° 44' 21"  E
Data on the structure
Lock type: RCC gravity dam
Construction time: approx. 2010–2023 (planned)
Height above valley floor: approx. 200 m
Height above foundation level : 272 m
Building volume: 40.9 million m³
Crown length: 915 m
Power plant output: 4th 500  MW
Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination ) 1160  m
Water surface 112 km²
Storage space 9000 million m³
Catchment area 152 100  km²
Design flood : 19th 300  m³ / s

The Diamer Bhasha Dam is a planned dam on the Indus in northern Pakistan . The Indus is to be dammed here, about 315 km upstream of the Tarbela Dam , 165 km downstream of Gilgit , the capital of the Gilgit-Baltistan region (formerly Northern Areas ), and 40 km downstream of Chilas to form a large reservoir .

Building

With a height of 272 meters, the barrier structure will be the highest dam structure made of rolled concrete in the world. The storage space of the reservoir will comprise around 9 billion m³ with an operating space of 7.9 billion m³. Two underground powerhouses are planned, each on one side of the dam with four turbines each with a nominal output of 560 MW and a total installed capacity of around 4.5 GW. The expected electricity production of the hydropower plant is 16,500 GWh per year. The flood relief receives fourteen culverts with the dimensions 11.5 m × 16.24 m.

The construction period is planned from 2009/2010 to 2016 [obsolete] / 2023 at an estimated cost of USD 12.6 billion (as of November 2008). (Different years are given for the start of construction and completion.)

Decision of the project

In his government statement of January 17, 2006, the President of Pakistan announced the government's decision to build five multi-purpose storage facilities in Pakistan over the next ten to twelve years. The Diamer Bhasha dam project will be implemented first. The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec) announced the start of the project on November 11, 2008. Work began with a groundbreaking ceremony in the presence of the President.

requirement

Pakistan needs agriculture for its rapidly growing population (around 170 million in 2009) and there is insufficient water storage for irrigation . So that Pakistan does not experience food shortages, it must build storage facilities to increase agricultural production.

The reservoirs of the Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma dams have already lost around 6 billion m³ of storage space through sedimentation . It is estimated that by 2012 these losses will increase to 7.4 billion cubic meters, which is almost the original capacity of the Mangla and Chashma reservoirs combined. Because of the halt of all major dam projects after the Tarbela Dam in 1976, the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in Pakistan is at risk.

The current demand for electricity is 17 GW and it is estimated that it will increase to 22 GW by 2010. A large expansion of electricity production will therefore become inevitable. The hydropower should make them available at an affordable price, and Diamer Bhasha will contribute 4.5 GW.

Use

  • Around 8000 million m³ of surface water are extracted annually for irrigation during dry periods.
  • The installed hydropower capacity of 4,500 MW generates clean renewable energy.
  • By reducing the dependence on thermal energy, foreign exchange is saved.
  • Jobs are created especially for the local residents during construction and operation.
  • Infrastructure is created that leads to a socio-economic rise in the standard of living of the people in the area.

Problems

Between Chilas and Gilgit , below the Nanga Parbat , are located on the rock walls along the Indus about 50,000 rock drawings ( petroglyphs ) and 5,000 inscriptions of a period of Epipalaeolithic or Jungsteinzeit to Islamic the region in the 14th century. In the course of the dam project, archaeologists warned of the impending demise of these cultural artefacts.

swell

  1. ↑ https://www.dawn.com/news/1038665/dasu-power-project-gets-precedence-over-bhasha
  2. ↑ http://www.geo.tv
  3. ^ Research Center: Rock paintings and inscriptions on the Karakoram Highway. In: haw.uni-heidelberg.de. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences , accessed February 26, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Joachim Hoelzgen: Giant dam: Pakistan floods the legacy of rock artists. In: Spiegel Online . April 13, 2007, accessed February 26, 2020 .

See also

Web links