Dicer
| Dicer | ||
|---|---|---|
|
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| Dicer homolog protein from Giardia intestinalis according to PDB 2FFL | ||
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Existing structural data : 2EB1 , 4NGB , 4NGC , 4NGD , 4NGF , 4NGG , 4NH3 , 4NH5 , 4NH6 , 4NHA , 4WYQ |
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| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 1912 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name | DICER1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Enzyme classification | ||
| EC, category | 3.1.26. , Ribonuclease | |
| Substrate | RNA | |
| Products | RNA pieces with a length of 21-23 bp | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | Dicer | |
| Parent taxon | Jaws | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | House mouse | |
| Entrez | 23405 | 192119 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000100697 | ENSMUSG00000041415 |
| UniProt | Q9UPY3 | Q8R418 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001195573 | NM_148948 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_001182502 | NP_683750 |
| Gene locus | Chr 14: 95.09 - 95.16 Mb | Chr 12: 104.69 - 104.75 Mb |
| PubMed search | 23405 |
192119
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Dicer [ ˈdaɪsɚ ] (literally “dice cutter”, from English: to dice: “cut into cubes”) is an endoribonuclease that cuts double-stranded RNA into short, double-stranded fragments. Depending on the substrate, these products are called differently. These fragments are about 20 to 25 nucleotides long and play a central role in the mechanism of RNA interference . Mutations of DICER1 - gene were in childhood tumors , such as the Pleuro-pulmonary blastoma described or rare childhood tumors of the central nervous system. Thyroid changes (multi-nodular goiter ) also occur in this context.
Dicer is an RNase III- like enzyme . It contains two RNase III domains and one PAZ domain. The distance between these two domains is determined by a helical area, the length of which determines the length of the siRNAs that are formed. Dicer catalyzes the first step of RNA interference and initiates the formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), whose endonuclease "argonaute" is able to degrade mRNA whose sequence is complementary to the siRNA that is produced.
With the help of knockout mosses it could be shown that DCL1b, one of four Dicer proteins from Physcomitrella , is not necessary for miRNA biogenesis, but for the cutting of the target transcripts. This led to the elucidation of a new mechanism of gene regulation .
The name Dicer was given by Emily Bernstein, a doctoral student in Greg Hannon's group at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , who was the first to demonstrate ribonuclease activity of the dicer on dsRNA .
See also
literature
- JJ Rossi: Mammalian Dicer finds a partner. In: EMBO Rep. Volume 6, No. 10, Oct 2005, pp. 927-929. Review. PMID 16222240
References
- ^ Leanne de Kock, John R. Priest, William D. Foulkes, Sanda Alexandrescu: An update on the central nervous system manifestations of DICER1 syndrome. In: Acta Neuropathologica. , doi : 10.1007 / s00401-019-01997-y .
- ↑ Doros L, Schultz KA, Stewart DR, et al. DICER1-Related Disorders. 2014 Apr 24. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., Editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK196157/
- ↑ Basel Khraiwesh, M. Asif Arif, Gotelinde I. Seumel, Stephan Ossowski, Detlef Weigel , Ralf Reski , Wolfgang Frank: Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression by MicroRNAs . In: Cell . tape 140 , no. 1 , January 8, 2010, ISSN 0092-8674 , p. 111-122 , doi : 10.1016 / j.cell.2009.12.023 ( cell.com [accessed July 18, 2012]).