Dicraeosauridae

Dicraeosauridae
	Skeleton of Dicraeosaurus in the Berlin Museum of Natural History .
Temporal occurrence
	Lower / Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous ( Tithonian to early Aptian )
	approx. 170.3 to 123 million years
Locations
	Africa ( Tanzania , Zimbabwe , Sudan ); Asia ( China ); North America ( Montana , USA); South America ( Argentina );
Systematics
	Dinosaur (dinosauria)
	Lizard dinosaur (Saurischia)
	Sauropoda
	Neosauropoda
	Diplodocoidea
	Dicraeosauridae
Scientific name
	Dicraeosauridae
	Janensch , 1929

The Dicraeosauridae were sauropod lizard basin dinosaurs that occurred worldwide from the late Lower Jurassic / early Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous . They are defined as all Diplodocoidea that are more closely related to Dicraeosaurus than to Diplodocus . Seven genera of them are known so far, which were between 9 and 13 m long.

features

Their physique is reminiscent of that of the Diplodocidae (long neck, extremely long tail, slightly built), but in contrast to that group, there is a clear tendency towards shortening the neck. A typical feature of the dicraeosaurids are the strongly elongated, sometimes almost spine-like, forked spinous processes of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae, which are very distinct in Amargasaurus and take on extreme form in Bajadasaurus . The paired frontal bone has grown together.

Genera

(based on Gallina et al., 2019)

Amargasaurus ( Lower Cretaceous ; South America)
Bajadasaurus ( Lower Cretaceous ; South America)
Brachytrachelopan ( Upper Jurassic ; South America)
Dicraeosaurus (Upper Jurassic; Africa)
Lingwulong (later Lower Jurassic to early Central Jurassic ; Asia)
Pilmatueia (Lower Cretaceous; South America)
Suuwassea (Upper Jurassic; North America)

literature

Paul Upchurch , Paul M. Barrett , Peter Dodson : Sauropoda. In: David B. Weishampel , Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska (eds.): The Dinosauria . 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2 , pp. 259-324.

Web links

Commons : Dicraeosauridae - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Xing Xu, Paul Upchurch , Philip D. Mannion: A new Middle Jurassic diplodocoid suggests an earlier dispersal and diversification of sauropod dinosaurs in Nature Communications , Volume 9, 2018, Article number 2700. doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-05128 -1
^ Gregory S. Paul : The Princeton Field Guide To Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2010, ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 , pp. 187-188, online .
↑ ^a ^b Pablo A. Gallina, Sebastián Apesteguía, Juan I. Canale and Alejandro Haluza. 2019. A New Long-spined Dinosaur from Patagonia sheds light on Sauropod Defense System. Scientific Reports. 9: 1392. DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-018-37943-3

[Xu_et_al.,_2018-1] Xing Xu, Paul Upchurch , Philip D. Mannion: A new Middle Jurassic diplodocoid suggests an earlier dispersal and diversification of sauropod dinosaurs in Nature Communications , Volume 9, 2018, Article number 2700. doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-05128 -1

[paul_10-2] Gregory S. Paul : The Princeton Field Guide To Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ et al. 2010, ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 , pp. 187-188, online .

[Gallina_et_al.,_2019-3] Pablo A. Gallina, Sebastián Apesteguía, Juan I. Canale and Alejandro Haluza. 2019. A New Long-spined Dinosaur from Patagonia sheds light on Sauropod Defense System. Scientific Reports. 9: 1392. DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-018-37943-3