Digital infrastructure

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The digital infrastructure is the part of telecommunications - infrastructure of a country, of digital services and network-based business models possible. It is the basis for digital transformation and digitization in the knowledge society . With the growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web and the acceleration of the digital revolution since the 1990s , a high-performance digital infrastructure has become one of the most important competitive factors for business and science. A universal service with broadband access is increasingly seen as the task of public services . Power grids and a secure, area-wide supply of electrical energy are critical infrastructure and are indispensable prerequisites for the functioning of the digital infrastructure.

history

In the 1960s , the Arpanet military project in the USA aimed to decentralize the information and communication infrastructure. The basis was the already developed telephone network , although this was based on analog electronic data transfer. Initially it was mainly universities and research institutions that relied on a digital IT infrastructure .

In the 1990s , with the introduction of the World Wide Web, the metaphor of the data superhighway was coined, which made the connection to the traditional concept of infrastructure. The expansion of the digital infrastructure took place primarily within the companies and institutions through data centers .

In the 2000s and 2010s , the demands on the performance of fixed and mobile networks (area coverage, bandwidth) continued to rise sharply worldwide.

Components of the digital infrastructure

The hardware and software of the digital infrastructure include:

Access to digital networks is regulated by various network protocols . Network security is of particular importance .

Expansion of the digital infrastructure in Europe

European Union

In 2016, the European Commission confirmed that the expansion of high-performance fixed and wireless broadband network connections in the European Union is an important prerequisite for the creation of the digital single market . However, the European Union is unlikely to achieve its goal of providing all EU citizens with broadband connections over 30 megabits per second by 2020. In a special report in December 2018, the European Court of Auditors found that although broadband coverage across the EU has generally improved, the use of ultra-fast broadband services is well below target. The connection of rural areas, where investments are less attractive for the private sector, is also still worse than that of cities.

Germany

In Germany, the 2014-2017 Digital Agenda included the decision to expand high-performance networks across the board. It is criticized that the expansion is only progressing slowly. For years, the Federal Government's digital summits have focused on the expansion of broadband and the expansion of convergent networks as "infrastructure for the gigabit society". With the Digital Infrastructure Fund Act of 17 December 2018 was Federal special fund established with the particular the expansion of broadband networks and digital infrastructure for schools ( Digital Pact should be promoted). In rural areas in particular, there is a need to expand a broadband digital infrastructure. The power grids are to be expanded into intelligent power grids in order to increase the efficiency of the energy supply.

Austria

The implementation of the broadband strategy 2020 is intended to close the digital gap between rural and urban areas. Availability, accessibility, security and neutrality are seen as important goals in expanding the digital infrastructure.

Switzerland

In 2018, Switzerland was in third place in Europe for high broadband coverage (at least 100 megabits per second download) after Malta and the Netherlands. Since the beginning of 2019 which will 5G - mobile network in Switzerland expanded rapidly, but this also met with resistance.

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Krempl: Study: Germany needs a "first class digital infrastructure". heise online, June 12, 2018, accessed on August 6, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Challenges in expanding the digital infrastructure - Federal Ministry of Finance - BMF monthly report March 2018. Retrieved on August 8, 2019 .
  3. ^ Jürgen Kuri: Digital Infrastructure. Between billions of subsidies and network realities | APuZ. Federal Agency for Civic Education, April 11, 2017, accessed on August 10, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM): Basic coverage in the telecommunications sector. Swiss Confederation, January 1, 2018, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  5. ↑ There must be broadband for everyone. Kommunal.at, July 29, 2018, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  6. ^ Parliamentary group Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen: Broadband for everyone - expanding digital infrastructure across the board. In: Drucksache 19/5306. German Bundestag, October 26, 2018, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Fast Internet for everyone: Grand coalition wants legal entitlement, industry warns against "planned economy". In: netzpolitik.org. February 6, 2018, accessed August 15, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Dagmar Röhrlich: Arming against the blackout - Insecure power supply in times of the energy transition. Deutschlandfunk, August 14, 2019, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  9. ↑ BSI for Citizens - Public WLANs. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
  10. ↑ BSI - Project "Digital Society: Smart & Safe" (SuSi). Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
  11. ↑ European Commission: Connectivity for a Competitive Digital Single Market - Towards a European Gigabit Society. September 14, 2016, accessed August 9, 2019 .
  12. ↑ European Commission: A Digital Agenda for Europe. May 19, 2010, accessed August 9, 2019 .
  13. ^ European Commission: European Broadband Mapping. Retrieved August 10, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Eric Heyman, Kevin Körner: Digital Infrastructure: Bottlenecks hamper Europe. In: EU Monitor Digital Economy and Structural Change. Deutsche Bank Research, September 28, 2018, accessed August 13, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Special report No. 12/2018: Broadband expansion in the EU member states. European Court of Auditors, accessed on 16 August 2019 .
  16. ↑ BMVI - Gigabit Society (outlook). Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Jan Rähm: Broadband expansion - copper forever. Deutschlandfunk, May 12, 2015, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  18. ↑ heise online: #heiseshow: The neverending story of broadband expansion. heise online, September 13, 2018, accessed on August 15, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Pfälzischer Merkur: Internet access: into the network at a snail's pace. August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy: Platform 1 "Digital Networks and Mobility". Retrieved August 15, 2019 .
  21. ^ Federal Government: From the digital to the gigabit society. August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Gigabit networks for Germany - challenges and opportunities for the gigabit infrastructure. Federal Association of German Industries (BDI), October 10, 2018, accessed on August 16, 2019 .
  23. ↑ "Digital Infrastructure" special fund resolved. Federal Ministry of Finance, August 1, 2018, accessed on August 8, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Comprehensive broadband supply - also in rural areas. December 30, 2014, accessed August 15, 2019 .
  25. ↑ digitalSTROM.org - non-profit organization founded at ETH Zurich
  26. ↑ Infrastructure: Digital Roadmap Austria. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Werner Illsinger: Digital Infrastructure. In: Digital Society.at. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Switzerland continues to lead Europe-wide in high broadband coverage - fiber optic network Switzerland. Retrieved August 14, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Report: What Switzerland is doing better than Germany when it comes to 5G expansion. Retrieved August 14, 2019 .
  30. ↑ heise online: Switzerland: Geneva stops setting up 5G cellular antennas. Retrieved August 14, 2019 .