Dioecesis Aegypti
The Dioecesis Aegypti was a late antique administrative unit ( Dioecesis ) of the Roman or Eastern Roman Empire , which included Egypt and parts of today's Libya . It existed from 380 to 642 AD. The main town was Alexandria .
Territory structure
The Dioecesis Aegypti comprised the following provinces:
- Aegyptus (in the western Nile Delta), under the direction of a Praeses
- Augustamnica (in the eastern Nile Delta), originally Aegyptus Herculia , under the direction of a corrector
- Arcadia aegypti (in the central area), founded around 397, under the direction of a praeses
- Thebais (in the south), under the direction of a praeses , later divided into:
- Libya inferior or Libya Sicca , under the direction of a praeses
- Libya superior or Pentapolis , under the direction of a praeses
history
The dioceses as an administrative unit were founded by Emperor Diocletian . The head of the dioceses (and provinces) was the vicarius , deputy of the civil officer who emerged from the military praetorian prefect after 312 . Egypt was originally not a separate diocese, but part of the Dioecesis Orientis . Only around the year 380 did Egypt become a separate diocese under the direction of the praefectus Augustalis. Already with the division of the empire in 395 the structure of the dioceses was changed into four prefectures, 15 dioceses and 119 provinces. The diocese belonged to Ostrom and from then on was subordinate to the praefectus praetorio per Orientem . A reform of the Egyptian administration under Emperor Justinian I eliminated the essential structures of the diocese and instead created regional structures in the individual provinces under the rule of the respective dux et augustalis . In 619 Egypt was temporarily lost to the Sassanids . Emperor Herakleios was able to regain the province in 629 for Ostrom. From 640 onwards the Arabs conquered Egypt ; The Islamic history of Egypt begins with the fall of Alexandria in 642.
Praefecti Augustalii of the diocese
- Eutolmius Tatianus (367-370)
- Olympius Palladius (370–371)
- Aelius Palladius (371–374)
- Publius (approx. 376)
- Bassianus (approx. 379)
- Hadrianus (ca.379)
- Iulianus (approx. 380)
- Antoninus (381-382)
- Palladius (382)
- Hypatius (383)
- Optatus (384)
- Florentius (384-386)
- Paulinus (386-387)
- Eusebius (387)
- Flavius Ulpius Erythrius (388)
- Alexander (388-390)
- Evagrius (391)
- Hypatius (392)
- Potamius (392)
- Orestes (415)
- Theognostus (approx. 482)
- Petrus Marcellinus Felix Liberius (approx. 539–542)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Notitia Dignitatum , in partibus Orientis I .
- ^ Louis Duchesne : Early History of the Christian Church. From Its Foundation to the End of the Fifth Century. Volume 3: The Fifth Century Reprint, Read Books, 2008 (first edition 1909), ISBN 978-1-4437-7159-7 , p. 550.
literature
- Timothy David Barnes : The new empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1982, ISBN 0-674-61126-8 , pp. 201-208.
- Frank Feder , Angelika Lohwasser (ed.): Egypt and its environment in late antiquity. From Diocletian's assumption of government in 284/285 to the Arab conquest of the Middle East around 635-646. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2013.
- Andrea Jördens : governor administration in the Roman Empire. Studies on the praefectus Aegypti (= Historia individual writings. Issue 175). Steiner, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-515-09283-8 .
- Joseph Mélèze Modrzejewski : Egypt . In: Claude Lepelley et al. (Ed.): Rome and the Empire. Part 2: The regions of the empire. Nikol, Hamburg 2006, pp. 457-518.
- Theodor Mommsen : Directory of the Roman provinces drawn up around 297. In: Treatises of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. Phil.-hist. Class . 1862, pp. 489-518 ( digitized version ).
- Otto Seeck : Notitia dignitatum: accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum. Weidmann, Berlin 1876, pp. 247-251 ( digitized version ).
