Graduate teacher

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Graduate teacher (Dipl.-Lehrer) was a job title and an academic degree in the GDR for graduates of graduate teachers at universities and colleges of education . The university course as a certified teacher could also be acquired via distance learning.

With the university degree and the acquisition of the academic degree of diploma teacher after four years (eight semesters, as a rule) or five years (ten semesters) of study, the graduate usually acquired the qualification to teach subject teaching in two subjects up to grade 12 ( Abitur ). In addition, with this degree, diploma teachers also acquire the teaching qualification up to the intermediate diploma (basic studies up to the fourth semester at a college or university).

History of the diploma teacher training in the GDR

In the 1960s, there was a differentiation in teacher training with regard to the scope of teaching qualifications, which was also reflected in the content and different study periods. From May 1, 1969, a gradual standardization of the secondary school teacher training took place and this led to the replacement of the state examination qualifications by the qualification as a qualified teacher.

During a transitional arrangement, the qualification was still linked to a state examination or specialist teaching certificate, which also contained information on the scope of the teaching qualification up to grade 10 or 12.

From June 1, 1971 onwards, the training of certified teachers was generally geared towards providing specialist instruction at the general polytechnic secondary schools in the GDR. There was no longer any distinction between training for teachers at the Polytechnic Oberschule (POS, up to grade 10, secondary school leaving certificate) and the extended high school (EOS, up to grade 12, Abitur).

On the certificates of the university degree, there was no longer an indication of the grade level with regard to the teaching qualification, but only the indication "Teaching qualification for the granting of specialist teaching of the general polytechnic high schools of the GDR". The teaching qualifications thus also extended to the extended high school (EOS up to grade 12), which were part of the general polytechnic high schools of the GDR.

In the course of this standardization, topics of the Abitur level became a general training content for the diploma teacher training. Due to his extensive training, the graduate teacher could in principle have switched between the two types of school at any time.

Study time

A prerequisite for studying to be a teacher in the GDR was the Abitur or the higher education entrance qualification, which could be acquired in a one-year preliminary course after class 10 (intermediate maturity) and before the start of studies directly at the university. I. d. As a rule, these were mostly exceptionally gifted students who were able to complete the Abitur material in one year.

The standard period of study was four years (eight semesters) or five years (ten semesters) according to a strictly prescribed study plan. During this time, all upcoming exams, at least three school internships and two further internships as well as the diploma thesis had to be successfully completed.

In the case of university education, no distinction was made between specialist studies and teacher training. For example, B. prospective graduate mathematicians and prospective graduate teachers for mathematics together the same basic subject areas and completed the same exams. There were differences in that graduate mathematicians z. B. additionally occupied the engineering science area, during which diploma teachers additionally treated the Euclidean geometry. The situation was similar in the natural sciences.

Due to these high technical requirements, there was a high number of dropouts after the first year of study. On the whole, on average, only around 50% of the first-year students in the respective subject area achieved the study objective and thus the academic degree of diploma teacher. In the field of mathematical and natural science subjects, even less.

In addition to the two subjects that a graduate had to take, the subjects Russian , Marxism-Leninism , pedagogy , psychology , methodology (general didactics ) of the major and methodology of the minor subject were also examined. In the 1980s, another minor could be added, e.g. B. Computer Science .

According to the curriculum, three different school internships and two other internships had to be completed during the study period:

  • After the second semester, the graduates had to do an orientation internship at one of the main schools at the university or college with subsequent participation in the summer vacation camp. During this internship, the interns were responsible for the leisure activities of the students. Lessons did not take place. The aim of the internship was to make a decision as to whether one considered oneself suitable for this professional field from a pedagogical point of view. The interns were assessed with regard to their suitability by the specialist teachers or educators there. The universities or colleges took these two assessments as an opportunity to decide again about the suitability of the graduate for the teaching profession and to make a recommendation.
  • Between the third and the seventh semester, there was a school internship once a week with one lesson each in the two subject areas at a home school at the location of the university or college. A small group of interns and a university professor met weekly to do observation assignments and later to hold their own lessons in front of a class in the presence of everyone involved. Appropriate evaluations were then carried out.
  • In addition, a cultural internship and military education internship had to be completed during the studies.
  • At the end of the study period, the three-month school internship took place, which was tightly organized and was accompanied by a university lecturer or professor from the university or college and a mentor at the respective school. It consisted of a two to three-week internship phase and a phase of independent teaching. Here, too, two examinations (sample of lessons in the major and minor subject) and an additional written thesis in methodology, pedagogy or psychology were completed as a conclusion. The internship took place i. d. Usually held close to home and the intern's wishes were taken into account wherever possible.

Diploma procedure

The diploma was the first academic degree in higher education in the GDR. The right to award the diploma in the case of diploma teacher training was held by the universities and colleges of education to which this right was granted by the Minister for Higher Education and Technical Education. Prerequisites for opening the diploma procedure were the fulfillment of the requirements laid down in the curriculum including the passed main examination (comparable to the 1st state examination in the FRG) and the submission of the diploma thesis. The basis of the diploma was the passed main examination and thus the proof of the necessary scientific knowledge and skills as well as the successful public defense of the submitted diploma thesis.

Recognition of the certified teacher after the reunification of Germany

The job title and the academic degree of Diplomlehrer may continue to be used in the unified Germany.

In the agreement on the recognition and assignment of teacher training courses in the former GDR to conventional careers , a. also regulates the recognition of the diploma teacher qualification.

In short, it was regulated:

  1. The assignment of the teacher training courses completed in the GDR to current careers in the FRG.
  2. The replacement of the preparatory service and the 2nd state examination by a probation statement.
  3. The mutual recognition of qualifications among the countries, especially in the teacher exchange process.

In the context of the classification (grades), the diploma teacher training was differentiated in the practice of the federal states again into the affiliation of the diploma teacher to the school types POS (up to grade 10) and EOS (up to grade 12). Graduated teachers who taught exclusively in the POS were assigned to the school types of lower secondary level. Diploma teachers who taught at EOS were assigned to the types of school of upper secondary level.

Special forms of the certified teacher

The certified teacher for auxiliary schools (special facilities for people with learning disabilities) was trained at the University of Rostock. It was an integrative course with a focus on learning disabilities.

There was also the diploma teacher for a special education subject, which was used at special schools. These were graduate teachers with four to five years of study for grades 5 to 10 and a two-year additional study with special education.

The Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) awards graduates of a completed course for teaching at the secondary level II of the Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences and the Philosophical Faculty with the title of Diplom-Gymnasiallehrerin or Diplom-Gymnasiallehrer (Dipl. -Gyml.). This degree is awarded by the university if the first state examination has been successfully completed. A thesis, as is usually the case, does not have to be submitted and publicly defended.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordinance on the academic degrees of the GDR dated November 6, 1968 on Dokumentarchiv.DE
  2. ^ Klaus-Dieter Stamm: Key words from A to Z on education, youth and society in the GDR. E-Book Books on Demond GmbH, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-7322-0604-9 .
  3. ^ Chronological sequence of reforms in the education system in the GDR [1] . Excerpts described in a judgment of the Saxon State Labor Court (judgment announced on April 28, 2004, file number: 2 Sa 53/03) on Judicialis.DE
  4. ↑ Curriculum for the training of qualified teachers of general polytechnic high schools in the subject combination of German language and literature / music at universities and colleges in the GDR. Berlin 1982. PDF (from the archive of the University of Leipzig)
  5. ↑ Curriculum for the basic courses of certified teachers for adult education at universities and colleges in the GDR. Berlin 1983 PDF (from the archive of the University of Leipzig).
  6. ↑ Order on the diploma procedure - diploma regulations of January 26, 1976 of the GDR on DDR-Schulrecht.DE
  7. ^ Agreement on the recognition and assignment of teacher training courses in the former GDR to conventional careers PDF , KMK resolution of May 7, 1993
  8. ↑ Agreement on the recognition and assignment of teacher training courses in the former GDR to conventional careers PDF, table point 4.2 , KMK resolution of May 7, 1993
  9. ↑ Agreement on the recognition and assignment of teacher training courses in the former GDR to conventional careers PDF, table point 4.3 , KMK decision of May 7, 1993
  10. ↑ Regulations for the award of the degree of qualified grammar school teacher based on a state examination of the Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences and the Faculty of Philosophy from January 12, 2004 PDF . Official announcement No. 844 of the RWTH Aachen from January 15, 2004.