Divan (seal)

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Miniature from the Dîvân-ı Bâkî , 16th century

The term divan ( Persian دیوان, DMG Dīwān , 'office, collection, assembly', from dibīr "scribe"; meaning collection of poems since Goethe, 1819, common) stands for a collection of poetry and prose in the literature of the Islamic world. In the literal sense, the term is also used for an office, an authority or a council .

Manuscript page of Muhammad ibn Ahmad `Assar Tabrizi: Two works ( Golestan and Bustan ) by Saadi

Literary form

Divans are mostly collections of poetry, occasionally prose texts are inserted. Traditionally significant forms of poetry are the Ghasele , Qasīda (Kaside), or Versromanzen ( Masnawī ) such as the classic story of Majnūn Lailā ( Arabic مـجنون ليلى 'The one possessed by Laila') or the 'Hüsn ü Aşk' in Arabic حسن و عشق, DMG Ḥusn-u 'išq  ' Beauty and Love 'by Şeyh Galip .

Language and images

The language of diwandoing is heavily ritualized and symbolic. The symbols and their relationship to one another are defined in tradition and were generally understandable. Similar ( Persian مراعات نظير, DMG morā'āt-e naẓīr ; Ottoman تناسب İA tenâsüb ) or opposing ( Persian تضاد, DMG teżād ) meanings play with each other.

The image pairs were created under the influence of Sufi mysticism . The image of nightingale ( Ottoman بلبل İA bülbül ) and Rose ( Ottoman ﮔل İA gül ) deals with aspects of passionate love for God as the highest source of love and for the beloved at the same time, but can also describe the profane and erotic love of a human couple.

In the same way, the image of the world ( Ottoman جهان İA cihân ; Ottoman عالم İA 'âlem ) and Rose Garden ( Persian ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن, DMG golestān ; Ottoman ﮔﻠﺸﻦ İA gülşen ) are symbolic of the suffering and instability of the world, which the rose garden faces as paradise. The image of ascetic ( Persian زاهد, DMG zāhed ) and dervish ( Persian درویش, DMG darwiš ; Ottoman درويش İA derviş ).

Well-known poets

Among the most famous Divan poets of world literature include the Persian poet Saadi , Hafiz , Jami and Nawa'i and the Ottoman poet Baki and Nabi . Inspired by the poems of Hafez, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote his West-Eastern Divan . The Persian divan poet Hayati is less well known .

Examples

A verse ( Ottoman مصراع İA mısra ) by the Qadi and poet Hayatî Efendi from the 19th century reads:

« بر گل مى وار بو گلشن ﻋالمدﻪ خارسز »

«Bir gül mü var bu gülşen-i 'âlemde hârsız»

"Is there a rose in the rose garden of this world without thorns?"

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote:

“God's is the Orient!
God's is the Occident!
North and South Terrain
Rests in the peace of his hands.

He, the only righteous one,
Wills what is right for everyone.
Be
highly praised of his hundred names ! Amen."

- Goethe, West-Eastern Divan , 1819/27

Web links

Portal: Islam  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Islam

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Lokotsch : Etymological dictionary of the European (Germanic, Romanic and Slavic) words of oriental origin . Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1927; 2nd, unchanged edition 1975 (= Indo-European Library. Volume 2), ISBN 3-533-02427-X , p. 42.
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge , Alfred Götze : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 20th ed., Ed. by Walther Mitzka , De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1967; Reprint (“21st unchanged edition”) ibid 1975, ISBN 3-11-005709-3 , p. 135 f. ( Diwan ), here: p. 136.
  3. François de Blois: Divan. In: Encyclopædia Iranica . 2011, accessed December 3, 2015 .
  4. ^ A b Walter G. Andrews, Mehmet Kalpaklı: The age of beloveds: Love and the beloved in early-modern Ottoman and European culture and society . Durham, NC 2005, ISBN 0-8223-3424-0 .
  5. İskender Pala (ed.): Divân Şiiri Antolojisi: Dîvânü'd-Devâvîn . Akçağ Yayınları, Kızılay, Ankara 1995, ISBN 975-338-081-X , p. 425 .
  6. ^ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: West-Eastern Divan (published 1819/27) . Manesse, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-7175-1156-4 , p. 10 .