Dreidärrischenhöhle

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Dreidärrischenhöhle

Natural entrance to the Dreidärrischenhöhle (May 2014)

Natural entrance to the Dreidärrischenhöhle (May 2014)
Location: Anninger in the Vienna Woods near Gaaden , Lower Austria
Height : 520  m above sea level A.
Geographic
location: 		48 ° 2 '53.3 "  N , 16 ° 15' 18.5"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 2 '53.3 "  N , 16 ° 15' 18.5"  E
Dreidärrischenhöhle (Lower Austria)
Dreidärrischenhöhle
Cadastral number: 1914/4
Geology: Dachstein Limestone
Show cave since: August 23, 1926–1939
Lighting: formerly electric
Overall length: 230 m
Level difference: 19 m (+6 m, −13 m) (from the natural entrance)
Particularities: blocked

The Dreidärrischen-Höhle (or Siebenbrunnentalhöhle, in earlier times also "Saulucke", "Niklashöhle", "Fuchsloch" or "Höhle bei den Drei Därücken") is the largest cave in the Vienna Woods and is located in the Siebenbrunnengraben , which is the eastern slope of the Anningers from Gumpoldskirchen (in the municipality of Gaaden ).

history

There are at least two assumptions about the origin of the name:

  • The three bizarrely towering rocks above the cave entrance look like petrified people who, according to legend, are deaf ("arid").
  • The rock wall around the cave is said to have no echo.

The cave with a passage length of 230 meters and a height difference of 19 meters has been known to the local population since the 19th century or even earlier. Excavations have shown that the cave was visited as early as the Hallstatt period and was not used as living space, but as a place of sacrifice for earth and death cults.

The legendary, so-called Drei-Därrischen-Höhle [...], which, according to reports, once reached as far as Gaaden , would soon be made accessible by the city ​​of Mödling for general visitors . - Equipped with electrical lighting and an artificially created additional entrance, it was run as a show cave from 1926 to 1939 . It was opened on August 23, 1926, and more than 5000 people visited it within the first month of its existence , which resulted in 17 to 19 million kroner in entrance fees .

From 1927 in front of the natural cave entrance, the so-called "Bergheim", a small refuge, was located on an artificially raised terrace , which, closed in 1935 as a result of a legal dispute, burned down after the Second World War .

Since the beginning of the Second World War there has been no public interest in the cave - during the chaos of war, however, the cavern , to the lowest point of which an artificial tunnel was excavated and whose access was made of concrete, served the local population as a refuge.

In the 1980s, a part of the lower floor collapsed during unauthorized excavation work, but it was exposed again soon after by Peter Pichler. The cave has been closed since 2000, and according to the lease agreement, Robert Winkler, as the cave leaseholder, is responsible for both ecological protection and the maintenance of the barriers with the income from the freely negotiable tours. Conservationists called for a lockdown to protect the cave's delicate ecosystem .

The Dreidärrischen Cave serves as a natural refuge and retreat for rare animal species such as bats : Little horseshoe bat , great mouse- eared bat , pug bats , pipebats and others that are on the red list of endangered species have been observed . As for the lesser horseshoe bat, only three specimens could be observed in 2001, compared to 50 in 1944.

literature

  • Hermann Heller, Ed (uard) Mader: Guide through the Drei Därrischen cave on Anninger (Siebenbrunngraben) . Schneider & Lux, Mödling 1926, OBV .
  • Helga Hartmann (Red.): The caves of Lower Austria . Volume 2. Türnitz Alps and foreland, northern Gutenstein Alps, Vienna Woods, Manhartsberg, Weinviertel. Scientific supplements to the magazine " Die Höhle ", Volume 29. Regional Association for Speleology in Vienna and Lower Austria, Vienna 1982, ZDB -ID 505258-0 , p. 272 ​​f., OBV .
  • Alfred Aigelsreiter: Mödling as it used to be. Photographic treasures from 1872–1952 . Self-published by Alfred Aigelsreiter, Mödling 1995, Figs. 124, 125, OBV .
  • Franz Jantsch: The fascination of the cave . Freya-Verlag, Unterweitersdorf 2002, ISBN 3-902134-40-2 .
  • Robert Bouchal, Josef Wirt: Hidden Vienna Woods. Forgotten, mysterious, unknown . Styria Pichler Verlag, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85431-311-X , pp. 42, 90.
  • Ilse and Georg Waldner, Heide Kucera: 1100 years of Mödling - the history of a city . Stadtgemeinde Mödling, Mödling 2003, ISBN 3-00-011896-9 .

Web links

Commons : Dreidärrischenhöhle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ foolish <adj.> [Mhd. foolish = in the manner of a fool, foolish] (Bavarian, Austrian): deaf; hard of hearing. - In: Duden - German universal dictionary . CD-ROM edition. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Bibliographisches Institut & FA Brockhaus AG, Mannheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-411-05506-7 .
  2. ↑ foolish, also: terisch (mda): hard of hearing, deaf. - In: Otto Back (edit.): Austrian dictionary - based on the official set of rules (new spelling) . 40th, revised edition. öbv & hpt, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-209-05511-4 , p. 660.
  3. ↑ a b not used.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hauptverband Deutscher Höhlenforscher (Ed.): Journal for Karst and Höhlenkunde. Notices from the Research Center for Karst and Speleology, the Research and Teaching Association “Das Ahnenerbe”, the Reich Association for Karst and Cave Research and the Association of German Cave and Show Mines . Born in 1941. Berlin 1941, ZDB -ID 558855-8 , p. 157.
  2. ↑ Michael Müllner:  Karst phenomena in Lower Austria. With six photographs. In:  Gau-Bote , year 1924, No. 10 - supplement to the “Naturfreund”, volume 3/4, 1924 (volume XXVIII), pp. 65–69. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / dna.
  3. ↑ Jantsch: Faszination , p. 72.
  4. ^ A new cave on the Anninger. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 84/1925, October 21, 1925, p. 4, top right. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt.
  5. ↑ Environment. Mödling. Municipal council meeting. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 82/1926, October 13, 1926, p. 4, center left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt.
  6. ↑ a b Gerhard Schirmer: Forgotten show caves in Lower Austria . In: Austrian tourist newspaper for mountain sports and alpinism . 122nd volume, issue 2, April / May 2009. Austrian Tourist Club , Headquarters Vienna, Vienna 2009, ZDB -ID 2552429-X , OBV , p. 42. - Text online (PDF; 2.3 MB)  ( page no longer available , Search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.touristenklub.at  
  7. ↑ Little Chronicle. (…) Closure of the “Bergheim” shelter on the Anninger .. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, No. 25381 A / 1935, May 10, 1935, p. 2, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  8. ↑ Waldner: 1100 Years of Mödling , p. 46.
  9. ↑ Peter Schubert: Schauplatz Österreich. Topographic lexicon on contemporary history in three volumes . Volume 2. Bundesländerorte A - K. Hollinek, Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-85119-154-4 , p. 128.
  10. ↑ Speleology: The Dark Side of the Vienna Woods. In: The natural history. The magazine of the Natural History Museum Vienna. Edition autumn 2002. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna 2002, ZDB -ID 2039580-2 , p. 4 f. - Text online (PDF; 732 kB) .