Jarabulus

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جرابلس / Ǧarābulus
Jarabulus
Jarabulus (Syria)
Jarabulus
Jarabulus
Coordinates 36 ° 49 ′  N , 38 ° 1 ′  E Coordinates: 36 ° 49 ′  N , 38 ° 1 ′  E
Basic data
Country Syria

Governorate

Aleppo
ISO 3166-2 SY-HL
height 300 m
Residents 11,570 (2004)

Jarabulus ( Arabic جرابلس, DMG Ǧarābulus , Syrian-Arabic Ğrāblos , Turkish Cerablus , Kurdish Cerablus or Kaniya Dil , English Jarabulus ) is a city in the Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria . The city has been occupied by Turkey since the Turkish military offensive in northern Syria in 2016/17 .

geography

Jarābulus is located on the Syrian-Turkish border across from the Turkish city ​​of Karkamış on the left bank of the Euphrates , which is dammed further south by the Tishrin Dam , which was completed in 1999 . From the border crossing between Karkamış and Dscharābulus, highway 216 leads south to Manbij . The city is also called Jrablos in the local Arabic dialect. Spelling variants are Djerabis, Djeraboolos or Djerablus.

Arabs, Kurds and Turks live in the city.

history

Jarabulus is located in a very old region in terms of cultural history. Nearby archaeological sites are in Karkemiš on the Turkish side and in Jerablus Tahtani (Lower Jarabulus) between the city and the Euphrates. Both sites show that the area of ​​Jarābulus has been inhabited since the Copper Age. The place was an intersection of important trade routes on the river, economically and politically favored by its location on the edge of a fertile plain with access to mountain regions rich in natural resources.

The ancient history is also reflected in the place name. The ancient names Europus and Hierapolis are assumed to be the original form of place names Jerabis or Jerablus , which were used until recently . The name Jarabulus, which is in use today, was only introduced under the Assad rule as part of an Arabization campaign.

Jarabulus was long a part of the Ottoman Empire . During the early 20th century, under German planning in 1913, the Djerablus station of the Baghdad Railway was built between the places Dscharābulus and Karkamış. At the same time, a road bridge over the Euphrates was built south of the railway bridge.

With the First World War , the Arab provinces split from the empire. The area came under French mandate as a League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon in 1923 and the course of the Baghdad Railway was established as the border, so that Jarabulus fell to Syria. The train station became a no man's land.

During the Syrian civil war that began in 2011, many thousands of refugees streamed into the city, whose population doubled. Some of the refugees were housed in tent camps on the Turkish side. Because of the border crossing, this place is important for the insurgents, because material and medical aid can be organized and obtained here.

In June 2013, fighting broke out in the city between the Free Syrian Army and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), which ISIS won. Since then, ISIS has controlled the city.

On the morning of August 24, 2016, Turkish armed forces, together with various Syrian rebel groups that they had gathered on their side of the border, began an attack on Jarabulus as part of a military offensive in northern Syria . It was officially stated that Turkey wanted to drive ISIS from the border, observers suspect, but that the attack was also aimed at preventing the further advance of Kurdish troops. According to a US government representative, the attack took place on August 24 because the Turks were surprised by the rapid advance of the Kurds in Syria and feared a coup d'état by the Kurdish-dominated SDF units on Jarabulus. After the IS fighters had apparently withdrawn beforehand, the most important buildings in the city were occupied by the attackers a few hours after the offensive began without any significant resistance. On April 1, 2018, the Syrian government apparently agreed with the Islamist rebels of the Jaish al-Islam from Ghouta to bring them to Jarābulus, should they give up their position near Damascus, which was closed by government troops.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Census 2004 ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Arabic). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cbssyr.sy
  2. ↑ MKL1888: Chittītic Hieroglyphs , wikisource.org
  3. ↑ Karchemisch , Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892
  4. ↑ Map of the Euphrates from Jerablus to Felludscha Map of the Euphrates from Jerablus to Felludscha , oldmapsonline.org
  5. ^ Europus , newadvent.org
  6. ↑ Gunter Hartnagel: flickr.com Photo of the railway bridge from 1915-18 on flickr , April 29, 2012, accessed on August 24, 2016.
  7. ↑ Ignaz Civelli: German rails in Ottoman soil: a journey with the Anatolian and Baghdad railways through history, perceptions, space and time . Grin, Munich, 2010, ISBN 978-3-640-59495-5 (Googlebook preview) .
  8. ↑ Benjamin Weinthal: Syrian refugees in Turkish camps ask 'are we wild animals?' The Jerusalem Post , September 29, 2013, accessed October 6, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Benjamin Weinthal: Syrian Refugees Face to Increasingly Horrific situation in Turkey. The Atlantic , October 2, 2013, accessed October 6, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Erin Cunningham, Karen DeYoung, Liz Sly: Syrian rebels backed by Turkish tanks capture key border stronghold from ISIS. In: The Washington Post . August 24, 2016.
  11. ↑ Erin Cunningham, Liz Sly, Karen DeYoung: Turkish troops enter Syria to take on ISIS, backed by US warplanes. In: The Washington Post. August 24, 2016
  12. ^ "State media report the start of the rebels' withdrawal from the Duma" Der Standard from April 2, 2018