Border between Syria and Turkey
The border between Syria and Turkey stretches from the Mediterranean to the Tigris and has a length of 899 km.
history
After the end of the First World War and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire , the Arab provinces were separated from the empire. Today's Syria was founded as a French League of Nations mandate for Syria and Lebanon . The demarcation follows the course of the Baghdad Railway on some sections , so that the new border often ran right through towns such as Tall Abyad and Raʾs al-ʿAin . The delimitation was decided in the Treaties of Sèvres and Lausanne .
The Hatay province, which has been in Turkey since 1939, enjoys a certain special status; it has never been given up politically by Syria and enjoys preferential border traffic and exchange of goods.
The three-meter-high wall to the neighboring state of Syria , which has been built by the Turkish side since 2014 with the help of funds from the European Union, already covered around 290 kilometers on February 26, 2017. At the time, around a third of the barrage, which is said to have a total length of 911 kilometers, was completed. On June 15, 2017, the border wall now covers around 700 kilometers. The border wall is to be strengthened with five floors or 25 meters high watchtowers that can be inhabited by border guards. The mobile border wall will be built from concrete elements with barbed wire and secured by watchtowers on behalf of the state housing authority Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı (TOKİ) to protect against illegal border crossings .
civil war in Syria
Since the unrest critical of the government in 2011 and the subsequent civil war in Syria , the Syrian government has lost control of certain border crossings. These transitions are of essential importance for the conflicting parties. At times, the Syrian state only held two out of eleven border crossings.
In mid-2012, Turkey began to be involved in the arming of the rebel militias in Syria, together with Qatar and Saudi Arabia and with CIA support, from a joint base of operations at Incirlik Air Base , a NATO base in southern Turkey.
On May 11, 2013, 52 people died in the double car bomb attack in the Turkish border town of Reyhanli .
On July 20, 2015, 34 people died in the bomb attack in Suruç during a pro-Kurdish gathering in the Turkish city of Suruç, about ten kilometers from the Syrian border .
The IS terrorists and the al-Qaeda- affiliated al-Nusra Front are being supplied with supplies from Turkey via the Turkish-Syrian border . IS derives a large part of its income from smuggling oil to Turkey, Jordan and Iran.
The Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan spoke to US President Barack Obama on the phone on July 22, 2015 , and both sides agreed to cooperate more closely in the fight against IS in order to prevent the flow of mercenaries into Syria. Turkey agreed to the use of the NATO air base in İncirlik by the anti-IS coalition . However, the Turkish government still wanted a no-fly and safety zone.
In 2015, Turkey announced that it wanted to additionally secure parts of the border with a wall. The construction of a border protection system between Turkey and Syria has been announced, a trench is to be dug over a distance of 450 kilometers, an integrated barrier system consisting of concrete walls, barbed wire, watchtowers and thermal imaging cameras is planned over 150 kilometers, and the border line is to be continuous with drones and zeppelins be monitored. The Turkish government wants to prevent terrorists from entering and leaving the country.
On July 23, 2015, IS fighters attacked Turkish soldiers for the first time at the border crossing near Kilis . This border crossing was controlled by a coalition of Salafists and Islamists supported by Turkey and Qatar. One soldier was killed and two others injured.
As part of the Russian military operation in Syria , a Russian Su-24 was shot down by the Turkish air forces on November 24, 2015 in the mountains of Jabal Turkmen .
Border crossings
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
from west to east:
| # | Turkey | Syria | Art | Control in Syria | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yayladağı Gümrük Kapısı | Kesab | Street | Four months in the hands of IS , later Syrian army. | 35 ° 54 '17.9 " N , 36 ° 0' 36.4" E |
| 2 | Karbeyaz (Yiğitoğlu) Sınır Kapısı | ʿAzmārīn | Closed for years. Previously only open on public holidays. 2014 under the control of the FSA . | ||
| 3 | Reyhanlı , more precisely: Cilvegözü Sınır Kapısı | Dana , more precisely: the Bab al-Hawa border crossing | Street | 2011 FSA, 2013 IS, Syrian rebels | 36 ° 14 '0.4 " N , 36 ° 40' 50.3" E |
| 4th | İslahiye Sınır Kapısı | Maydān Akbis | Railroad crossing | YPG | |
| 5 | Öncüpınar Sınır Kapısı | Bab al-Salameh | Street | Syrian rebels | 36 ° 38 '3.7 " N , 37 ° 5' 8.5" E |
| 6th | Çobanbey Sınır Kapısı | Al-Rai | Railroad crossing | FSA | |
| 7th | Karkamış Sınır Kapısı | Jarabulus | Street | FSA | 36 ° 49 ′ 54.5 " N , 37 ° 59 ′ 45.9" E |
| 8th | Mürşitpınar Sınır Kapısı | Ain al-Arab (Kurdish Kobanê) | Street | YPG | 36 ° 54 '1.1 " N , 38 ° 20' 56.9" E |
| 9 | Akçakale Sınır Kapısı | Tall Abyad (Kurdish: Girê Spî) | Street | 2012 FSA, 2014 IS, 2015 Burkān al-Furāt | 36 ° 42 '19.9 " N , 38 ° 57' 31.7" E |
| 10 | Ceylanpınar Sınır Kapısı | Raʾs al-ʿAin | Street | 2012 FSA, 2013 YPG | 36 ° 50 '34.4 " N , 40 ° 3' 9.8" E |
| 11 | Şenyurt Sınır Kapısı | Al-Darbasiyah | Street | 2014 YPG | 37 ° 4 '44.7 " N , 40 ° 38' 51.4" E |
| 12 | Nusaybin | al-Qamishli | Road, railroad | Under the control of the Syrian army, closed to trade and temporarily opened to humanitarian aid. | 37 ° 3 '44.7 " N , 41 ° 13' 4.8" E |
| 13 | Cizre Sınır Kapısı | ʿAin Dīwār | Street | Closed for years, the bridge is guarded by Turkish soldiers, the Syrian side is under the control of the YPG. |
Other international political borders of Turkey and Syria
Syria has international borders totaling 2253 km. The Turkey has international land borders km of a total of 2,648; its coastline is about 7200 km long. The Turkey-Syria border is Turkey's longest international border.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Middle East Turkey. In: The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), January 8, 2019, accessed January 13, 2019 .
- ^ Maximilian Popp: EU Money Helped Fortify Turkey's Border. Spiegel Online International, March 11, 2018, accessed on January 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Elke Dangeleit: The wall of shame. Telepolis, February 27, 2017, accessed January 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Duvarin 700 kilometersi tamamlandi; Suriye sinirinda yasayanlarin hayatlarinda neler degisti? In: T24 . June 15, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Suriye sinirina 25 metrelik gözetleme kuleleri. In: Hürriyet . July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Almost 300 kilometers of border barrier - Turkey is walling Syria in. In: Deutsche Welle . February 26, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Omar Kassem: Do You Want to See Turkey Falling Apart as Well? , October 13, 2015
- ↑ Beatriz Beiras: After Suruç: Turkish government and Kurds on course for confrontation. In: de.euronews.com . July 28, 2015, accessed October 26, 2015.
- ↑ Jürgen Gottschlich: Fear of the Kurdish state. In: taz.de . July 21, 2015, accessed October 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Patrick Cockburn: Whose side is Turkey on? The Battle for Kobani. In: London Review of Books . November 6, 2014, accessed November 24, 2015 .
- ↑ Fazel Hawramy, Shalaw Mohammed, Luke Harding: Inside Islamic State's oil empire: how captured oilfields fuel Isis insurgency. In: theguardian.com . November 19, 2015, accessed November 24, 2015 .
- ↑ Turkey wants to build a wall on the Syrian border. In: Zeit Online . July 23, 2015, accessed September 8, 2015.
- ^ A b Inga Rogg: The IS extremists are attacking Turkey. In: nzz.ch . July 23, 2015, accessed October 26, 2015 .
International borders of Turkey
