Border between Greece and Turkey

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green: Greece, orange: Turkey
Map of Greece
Map of Turkey

The border between Greece and Turkey is a land border of 192 kilometers and a sea border in the East Aegean . Greece has been a member of the EU since 1981; The Turkey is a candidate country . It is an external border of the EU . In 2015 in particular, large flows of refugees crossed this border in the direction of Greece in order to seek protection via the Balkan route in European countries, especially Germany (see also the refugee crisis in Europe , refugee crisis in Germany ).

On March 18, 2016, the EU and Turkey signed an agreement ; Since then, significantly fewer refugees have come across Turkey's western borders to the EU.

course

Exact border course along the Mariza
Sea border at Kastelorizo

The border runs roughly from north to south, beginning at the border triangle Bulgaria – Greece – Turkey (on the Turkish-Bulgarian-Greek border river Mariza ( Turkish Meriç , Greek Evros )). ( Map ) The Greek-Turkish state border along this river is 159 km long. At the level of Alexandroupoli , the border runs further south only in the Mediterranean Sea ( Aegean Sea ) and ends at the island of Kastelorizo, southeast of Rhodes . About 90 percent of the state border runs in the Aegean Sea.

Residents (administrative units)

from north to south (land borders, unless otherwise specified)

Greece

East Macedonia and Thrace Region (part of Thrace )

  • Municipality ( δήμοι = Dimos ) Orestiada ( Δήμος Ορεστιάδος (Ορεστιάδα) )
  • Didymoticho municipality ( Δήμος Διδυμοτείχου (Διδυμότειχο) )
  • Soufli municipality ( Δήμος Σουφλίου (Σουφλί) )
  • Alexandroupoli municipality ( Δήμος Ἀλεξανδρούπολης (Αλεξανδρούπολη) )
  • Samothrace municipality (Δήμος Σαμοθράκης)

Region North Aegean

  • Limnos municipality ( Δήμος Λήμνου - sea border)
  • Municipality of Lesbos ( Δήμος Λέσβου - sea border)
  • Municipality of Chios ( Δήμος Χίου - sea border)
  • Municipality of Samos ( Δήμος Σάμου - sea border)

Region South Aegean

  • Municipality of Agathonisi ( Δήμος Αγαθονησίου (Αγαθονήσι) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Leros ( Δήμος Λέρου (Λέρος) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Kalymnos ( Δήμος Καλυμνίων (Κάλυμνος) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Kos (Δήμος Κω - sea border)
  • Municipality of Nisyros ( Δήμος Νισύρου (Νίσυρος) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Symi ( Δήμος Σύμης (Σύμη) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Rhodes ( Δήμος Ρόδου (Ρόδος) - sea border)
  • Municipality of Kastelorizo / Megisti ( Δήμος Μεγίστης (Μεγίστη) - sea border)

Turkey

( Marmara region )

Edirne Province

Province Çanakkale (both sides of the Bosporus )

  • Eceabat district (sea border)
  • District of Gökçeada , until July 29, 1970 İmroz ( Greek Ίμβρος Ímvros , German also: Imbros - sea border)
  • Bozcaada district (Greek Τένεδος Ténedos) (sea border)
  • Ezine county (maritime border)
  • Ayvacık County (Sea Border)

Izmir Province

Province Aydın

Province of Muğla

Province of Antalya

  • Kaş district (sea border)

Border crossings

Border crossing at Karaağaç / Kastanies

Major border crossings are:

  • Greece: Kastanies / Καστανιές, Orestiada municipality ↔ Turkey: Karaağaç , İpsala District, Edirne Province (National Road 51 (GR) - Ortaköy Cd. (TR))
  • Greece: Pythio , municipality of Didymoticho ↔ Turkey: Uzunköprü , province of Edirne (railway crossing only)
  • Greece: Kipi, Alexandroupoli Municipality ↔ Turkey: İbriktepe , İpsala District, Edirne Province ( European Route 90 , Egnatia Motorway A2 (GR) - State Road D110 (TR))

Recent history

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The boundary was last changed in 1947.

Territorial disputes

Mutual territorial claims exist in the Aegean, among other things:

Refugee issue

Fylakio reception camp , Greece (2010)

Since November 1, 2010, at the request of Greece at the Greek-Turkish border, the use of EU police forces has been reinforced. H. Since then, police officers from other countries have been deployed by the European Agency for Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the European Union ( Frontex ) to prevent or curb illegal immigration into the EU there. Under a Frontex mandate, officers from the German Federal Police are on duty in the border area with two patrol boats.

In 2010, there was a six-digit number of illegal immigrants from Turkey to northeast Greece (34,000 by the end of October 2010; as far as known). In July 2012, over 43,000 Syrian refugees were living in Turkish camps in the border region. In July 2012, the Greek government tripled the number of border police officers (from 600 to 1,800) because of the high number of refugees.

In 2012, Greece erected a 12.5 km long barrier to the Turkish border between Orestiada in Greece and Edirne in Turkey, where the Evros River does not form the natural border between the states.

During the refugee crisis in Europe in 2015 , the border played a central role in the migration movement from Syria to Europe by sea and land. According to the UNHCR, 122,637 migrants came to Greece from Turkey in the first two months of 2016.

On March 1, 2016, the EU's Operation Sophia began to track down refugee boats and smugglers ( Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 ) in international waters between Turkey and Greece.

In the course of the Syrian-Turkish clashes in the Syrian wars , the Turkish government temporarily reopened its side of the border at the beginning of 2020, and unrest broke out with several thousand refugees.

See also

Web links

Commons : Border between Greece and Turkey  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The World Factbook , CIA website ; accessed on August 29, 2020.
  2. ↑ Federal Police: Ships save over 3400 people from Samos . Süddeutsche Zeitung , March 1, 2018, accessed on August 3, 2020 . .
  3. ↑ Use of patrol boats on Samos is extended . Federal Police; accessed on March 19, 2018.
  4. ↑ German police officers denounce intolerable conditions on the Greek-Turkish border. Der Spiegel, December 11, 2010.
  5. ^ Sabine am Orde: Use on the Greek-Turkish border. German police are also helping Frontex in 2011 . taz, December 29, 2010
  6. ↑ Current reports on the situation of the Greek asylum system and the consequences of this for the federal government . (PDF, 620 kB) Answer of the Federal Government to the minor question by the MPs Ulla Jelpke, Jan Korte, Raju Sharma, Jens Petermann and the DIE LINKE parliamentary group, printed matter 17/4213 of January 3, 2011; accessed on March 19, 2018.
  7. ↑ Wave of refugees from Syria: Greeks close the border with Turkey . Spiegel Online, July 30, 2012, accessed March 19, 2018.
  8. ↑ Greece wants to fortify the border with Turkey. Wikinews, January 2, 2011.
  9. ↑ Gerd Höhler: Greece Refugees: The deadly fence. In: Frankfurter Rundschau Online. May 8, 2014, archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; accessed on October 20, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Tsipras insists on the redistribution of refugees . welt.de, March 1, 2016; accessed on March 19, 2018.
  11. ↑ a b First days in the Aegean bundeswehr.de of March 11, 2016, accessed on March 19, 2018.
  12. ↑ nato.int. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016 ; accessed on March 19, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Christoph B. Schiltz: NATO Association breaks "without delay" into the Aegean . welt.de, February 11, 2016; accessed on March 19, 2018.
  14. ↑ NATO ready to fight human traffickers in the Aegean. In: DiePresse.com. March 6, 2016, accessed January 14, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Again tear gas use on the border with Turkey. ORF online, March 2, 2020.