Qamishli

قامشلۆ Qamişlo القامشلي / al-Qāmišlī Qamishli
Qamishli
Coordinates	37 ° 3 '  N , 41 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 3 '  N , 41 ° 14'  E
Basic data
Country	Syria
Governorate	al-Hasakah
height	455 m
Residents	200,000 (2003)
Main street in the business center

The Shukri al-Quwatli -Straße in Qamishli (2012)

Qamishli or Kamishli ( Kurdish قامشلۆ Qamişlo , Arabic القامشلي al-Qāmischlī , DMG al-Qāmišlī , Aramaic ܩܡܫܠܐ) is a multiethnic city in al-Hasakah Governorate in northeast Syria on the border with Turkey .

As a result of the Syrian civil war , Qamishli lies in an area ruled by Kurds with the Kurdish name Rojava , in which de facto independent political structures have developed. Qamishli was declared the capital of Cizîrê, one of the three cantons of Rojavas.

location

Qamishli is located on the Jaghdschagh River , which has its source in Turkey and flows into the Chabur at al-Hasakah about 80 kilometers south . The border with Iraq is the same distance to the east. The region belongs to the intensely agricultural, Syrian part of the Jazīra . In rain- fed agriculture, large areas of wheat and cotton are planted in the area, and in some of the fields this is also done in the dry summer months with artificial irrigation using diesel pumps from the groundwater.

population

With almost 190,000 inhabitants, Qamishli was about the same size as the district capital Al-Hasakah at the 2004 census. The population consists of Kurds , Arabs , Armenians and a relatively high number of Assyrians / Arameans .

The city was founded in 1926 by Arameans / Assyrians who fled the Ottoman Empire before the genocide of their population group . In the following years about two thirds of the inhabitants of Nusaybin , the neighboring town on the Turkish side today, moved to Qamishli. In 1928 the place became a station on the railway line from Mosul to Aleppo , a section of the Baghdad Railway . In 1932 there were 8,000 inhabitants. In 1929 around 4,000 Armenian refugees came from Turkey, who were initially housed in camps around Qamishli, al-Hasakah and Aleppo. Most of the Armenian comers were farm workers.

More Armenian and Kurdish refugees arrived in the following decades. In 1970, according to Eugen Wirth, the city had around 35,000 inhabitants. According to the World Gazetteer, the 1960 census showed a population of 34,198 and 1970 population of 47,714. By 1981 that number had more than doubled to 92,990.

The Kurdish-speaking Jews of Qamishli formed one of the three larger Jewish centers in Syria after the Jewish inhabitants of Damascus and Aleppo . Most Jews left the country between 1947 and 1970. The last organized wave of emigration took place from 1992 to 1994. After that, only around 300 Jews remained in Syria. The Jerusalem Post reports that three Jews were still living in the city in 2006.

Cityscape

The older houses with inner courtyard gardens (front left) are built over by higher urban residential units. East of the Jaghjagh.

After the end of the First World War , the French mandate area of today's Syria was separated from the Ottoman Empire in the early 1920s . The border with today's Turkey runs in this area along the railway line. With this, Qamishli and Nusaybin were separated. The distance from the city center to the official border crossing is about one kilometer, the Turkish city is directly on the other side.

Qamishli has changed considerably since the 1980s due to its increasing importance as a border crossing point. The economic upswing was boosted to an even greater extent by the intensification of the exploitation of the oil fields of Qarah Shuk and Rumaylan on the Iraqi border in the far north-east of the country since the 1970s. Since then, several hotels have been built along and in the vicinity of the main street ar-Ra'is Hafiz al-Assad , and more hotels were about to be completed in 2009. The bustling modern city center is bounded to the east by the river, on the east side of which the informal settlement district forms a contrast. In all directions, apart from the north, the city is growing rapidly with two- to four-storey terraced houses or free-standing larger residential units, which are sometimes used to build over older village structures.

politics

Qamishli ( Qamişlo ) as the capital of the canton of Cizîrê.

After a soccer game, Qamishli was the starting point of nationwide Kurdish unrest in March 2004 . Armed security forces intervened after Arab and Kurdish fans met in the stadium as the game escalated into political conflict. As a result, 30 people died and 160 were injured. The Kurdish victims of this unrest have since been regarded as further martyrs of the Kurdish national movement.

Most of the city has been under the control of Kurdish militias since the war. The government troops control the main road, the airport and the border crossing with Turkey.

According to the opposition, at least 16 people were killed in a series of attacks at the end of December 2015. Bombs exploded in three restaurants in a Christian neighborhood.

On July 27, 2016, there was a double bomb attack (truck loaded with explosives, second assassin on a motorcycle), which IS claimed to be dead.

• See also: Kurds in Syria

education

In 2003, the private Syrian Mamoun University opened a campus in Qamishli. In September 2014, a co-educational university was opened in Qamishli with the Mesopotamian Academy of Social Sciences .

traffic

Qamishli national airport with connections to Damascus is located two kilometers southwest of the city center .

Climate table

In summer it is hot and dry with daytime temperatures over 40 ° C. The lowest measured temperature in January and February was −6 ° C and the highest measured temperature in July and August was 46 ° C. Winters are cool and rainy with average minimum temperatures of just above freezing point.

Qamishli
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     78   11 3     72   13 4th     68   17th 6th     59   22nd 10     29   29 15th     2.2   36 20th     0.3   40 24     0.1   40 23     0.8   35 20th     18th   28 15th     39   19th 9     67   13 4th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Qamishli Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 10.9 12.6 16.7 22.1 29.2 36.1 40.3 39.8 35.4 28.3 19.3 12.7 O 25.3 Min. Temperature (° C) 2.7 3.5 6.3 10.3 14.9 20.0 23.5 23.0 19.5 15.0 8.8 4.4 O 12.7 Precipitation ( mm ) 77.5 71.9 68.2 59.0 29.0 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.8 18.0 38.5 66.9 Σ 432.4 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.8 5.5 6.6 7.4 9.3 11.3 11.5 11.3 10.4 8.2 6.4 4.8 O 8.1 Rainy days ( d ) 11 11 11 10 6th 1 0 0 0 4th 7th 10 Σ 71 Humidity ( % ) 71 68 64 60 47 29 24 24 27 39 57 70 O 48.2 Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Town twinning

• Sulaimaniyya
• Since December 2014, the Left Party and Pirate parliamentary groups in Göttingen have applied for a town twinning or town cooperation with Qamishli.

sons and daughters of the town

• Aias Aosman (* 1994), German-Syrian soccer player
• Kévork Assadourian (* 1961), Armenian Catholic auxiliary bishop in Beirut
• Ciwan Haco (* 1957), Kurdish singer
• Gregorios Johanna Ibrahim (* 1948), Aramaic Archbishop
• Ignatius Ephrem II. Karim (* 1965), Syrian Orthodox Patriarch
• Kevork Mourad (* 1970), performance artist
• Sepuh Sargsjan (* 1946), Armenian Archbishop of Tehran
• Maschaal Tammo (1957–2011), Kurdish-Syrian politician
• Aram Tigran (1934–2009), Armenian singer

Web links

Commons : Qamishli  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Qamishli to be capital city of Canton Jazeera in Syrian Kurdistan. Ekurd.net, January 26, 2014 (accessed October 15, 2014)
2. ↑ http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf ( Memento from March 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In contrast, page no longer available , search in web archives: World Gazetteer 101,041 inhabitants for 2012
3. ^ ^{A b} Eugen Wirth: Syria, a geographical country study. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1971, p. 428
4. ↑ Ellen Marie Lust-Okar: Failure of Collaboration: Armenian Refugees in Syria. In: Middle Eastern Studies , Vol. 32, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 53-68, here p. 56
5. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: al-Qāmišlī. World Gazetteer
6. ^ Jaqueline Shields: Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries. ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Jewish Virtual Library, 2010, p. 2 
7. ^ Israel Reveals Immigration of over 1,200 Syrian Jews. Associated Press October 18, 1994; Syrian Jews migrated to Israel in secret. The Milwaukee Journal, Oct. 18, 1994, p. 3
8. ^ Sasha Troy: The last three Jews of Qamishli. Jerusalem Post, September 2, 2006
9. ^ Syria Industry. Country Studies, US Library of Congress
10. ↑ Syria: Address Grievances Underlying Kurdish Unrest. HRW, March 19, 2004
11. ↑ Jordi Tejel: The Revolt of Qamishli, 2004. The marker of a new era for the Kurds in Syria. In other words: Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge Chapman & Hall, London 2008, pp. 108-132, ISBN 0-415-42440-2
12. ^ "Bomb explosions in restaurants. Dead and injured in attacks in Syria ” , in: tagesschau.de , December 31, 2015.
13. ↑ N24, July 27, 2016: IS attack in Kamishli in Syria: Dozens of dead in car bomb detonation
14. ↑ Introducing yourself on Facebook . The website of the university ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. is z. Currently not available. 
15. ↑ Elke Dangeleit: The Rojava model . Telepolis , October 12, 2014, accessed October 15, 2014
16. ^ A Dream of Secular Utopia in ISIS 'Backyard . New York Times. November 29, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
17. ↑ Al Qamishli, Syria. Weatherbase
18. ↑ My heart's desire: twinning between Göttingen and Qamishlo. HNA, November 20, 2015