Dunbar (Scotland)
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Dunbar Scottish Gaelic Dùn Barra |
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| Coordinates | 56 ° 0 ′ N , 2 ° 31 ′ W | ||
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| Residents | 8486 | ||
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| Post town | DUNBAR | ||
| ZIP code section | EH42 | ||
| prefix | 01368 | ||
| Part of the country | Scotland | ||
| Council area | East Lothian | ||
| British Parliament | East Lothian | ||
| Scottish Parliament | East Lothian | ||
Dunbar ( Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Barra ) is a town on the south-east coast of Scotland , located in the East Lothian Council Area . It is approximately 30 miles from Edinburgh and 28 miles from Berwick-upon-Tweed . The city has 8,486 inhabitants (2011 survey) and is the birthplace of the Scottish-American polymath John Muir .
history
According to archaeological excavations, the first signs of settlement date back to around 8000 BC. Dated (Mesolithic). The Celtic Britons and the Picts are likely to have settled in Lothian at the turn of the ages . Possibly the place was founded in the first century by the Votadini tribe of Britons. They were then driven off the fishing rods from Northumbria . In the 7th century Dunbar is mentioned as a royal city ( urbs regis ). In the year 856 there were wooden fortifications on the rock that dominated the port city, because according to a report the first Scottish King Kenneth I had them burned down. After Malcolm II's victory over the Anglo-Saxons in 1018, Lothian came to Scotland. The wooden castle buildings were replaced by a stone bulwark in the middle of the 13th century.
After his defeat in the Battle of Bannockburn , King Edward II of England withdrew to Dunbar and left the Scottish area by ship via the harbor. The fortress survived the longest siege in 1338. Agnes Randolph , 4th Countess of Moray (1312-1369), called Black Agnes , fought vigorously against Edward III for six months . Sent army of the English. In 1370 Dunbar was given Burgh status . In the same year, the Scottish King David II had started a liaison with Lady Agnes Dunbar . On August 16, 1445 Dunbar was raised to Royal Burgh, which was associated with certain privileges . From 1513 to 1560 the French determined the fortunes of the city until they were driven out by the English. In 1567, Queen Mary Queen of Scots stayed briefly at Dunbar Castle.
Due to its strategically favorable location in the border area between Scotland and England, the fortress in Dunbar was often involved in armed conflicts. In their vicinity, the Scots suffered two defeats in battles. In the battle of April 27, 1296 , a large part of John Balliol's army was wiped out by the troops of King Edward I. The battle of September 3, 1650 brought Oliver Cromwell's army a victory when he set out north on a penal campaign for Scottish support for the royalists in the English Civil War .
Oliver Cromwell finally had the castle destroyed in 1650. Her remains rise above the Dunbar harbor entrance.
In 1719 the oldest independent Scottish brewery until 2005, the Belhaven Brewery was founded . It has since been bought by the English Greene King Brewery in Bury St Edmunds .
From the 16th century until today, Dunbar prospered as a port city, mainly through fishing. The old port, which had become too small, was supplemented by a second, built between 1842 and 1844. The Torness nuclear power plant was built near the city from 1980.
See also
Town twinning
Dunbar has twinned cities with the following cities:
- Lignières , Cher , France
- Martinez , California
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Scotland Census 2011
- ↑ Information from the Scottish Parliament (PDF)
- ↑ Annette Kossow: Scotland , Iwanowskis travel book publisher, 2008, ISBN 3-933041-45-7 , p 183 ( preview in Google Book Search, retrieved on March 12, 2011)