Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ( EAggEC or EAEC ) are certain pathogenic (disease-causing) strains of the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) . Together with the diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) they form the group of adherent E. coli .

They were first described as a cause of diarrhea in 1985 . EAEC can cause traveler's diarrhea or chronic diarrhea in children in developing countries . Even in industrialized countries , it can cause acute watery diarrhea, especially in immunosuppressive patients, or cause chronic diarrhea in children. It is unclear how important EAEC is as a cause of diarrheal epidemics in industrialized countries.

EAEC was found in laboratory experiment resistant to many antibiotics , but there have been successful treatments for HIV -Patients with EAEC-associated diarrhea caused by ciprofloxacin . Also Rifaximin has been used successfully for the treatment and there was in the last 10 years, no significant changes in the minimal inhibitory concentration .

Adherence pattern

E. coli show different adherence patterns . Enteroaggregative E. coli show, by definition, aggregative adherence. This is caused by the E. coli sticking together ( autoagglutination ). The typical adherence pattern to HeP-2 cells (cell culture of human epithelial cells ), the "stacked-brick" pattern (stacked bricks), is considered to be the standard method for diagnosing EAEC.

virulence

A number of virulence factors have been described for EAEC , including adhesins , toxins , dispersin, and iron utilization systems. None of the factors is present in all EAEC at the same time and many are also found in other E. coli .

In connection with an epidemic that started in Germany in 2011 , Shiga-like toxin- producing strains of E. coli with aggregative properties played a role. Shiga-like toxin producing strains of EAEC had previously been described at this point.

clinic

A EAEC- infection can symptomless run , it can also be an acute or chronic cause diarrhea. Watery diarrhea with or without blood in the stool is usually reported. Abdominal pain, nausea , vomiting, and a mild fever are possible symptoms of an illness .

EAEC causes cytotoxic effects in the intestine, i.e. destroys tissue cells. There are many different variations in clinical symptoms of EAEC.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Javier A. Adachi, Zhi-Dong Jiang, John J. Mathewson and a .: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a Major Etiologic Agent in Traveler's Diarrhea in 3 Regions of the World . In: Clinical Infectious Diseases . tape 32 , no. 12 , 2001, p. 706-1709 , doi : 10.1086 / 320756 .
  2. ↑ H.-I. Huppertz, S. Rutkowski, S. Aleksic, H. Karch: Acute and chronic diarrhoea and abdominal colic associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in young children living in western Europe . In: The Lancet . tape 349 , no. 9066 , 1997, pp. 1660-1662 , doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (96) 12485-5 .
  3. ↑ Christine A. Wanke, Jul Gerrior, Virginia Blais, and others. a .: Successful Treatment of Diarrheal Disease Associated with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Adults Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus . In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases . tape 178 , no. 5 , 1998, pp. 1369-1372 , doi : 10.1086 / 314443 .
  4. ↑ Zhi-Dong Jiang, Shi Ke, Ernesto Palazzini: In vitro activity and fecal concentration of rifaximin after oral administration . In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . tape 44 , no. 8 , 2000, pp. 2205–2206 ( online [PDF; 147 kB ]).
  5. ↑ Jeannette Ouyang-Latimer, Syed Jafri, Audrey VanTassel and others. a .: In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Enteropathogens Isolated from International Travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India from 2006 to 2008 . In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . tape 55 , no. 2 , 2011, p. 874-878 , doi : 10.1128 / AAC.00739-10 .
  6. ^ "Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli " ( Memento from July 21, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Website of scientists from the University of Bradford, UK and Haverford College, USA.
  7. ↑ a b Jennifer Hwang, Lisa M. Mattei, Laura G. VanArendonk, Philip M. Meneely and Iruka N. Okeke: A Pathoadaptive Deletion in an Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Outbreak Strain Enhances Virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model , June 28, 2010, doi: 10.1128 / IAI.00014-10 In: Infection and Immunity . 2010, 78: 4068-4076
  8. ↑ BM Sobieszczańska: Distribution of genes encoding iron uptake systems among enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from adults with irritable bowel syndrome 19 Nov. 2008 doi: 10.1111 / j.1469-0691.2008.02093.x In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection , 2008, 14: 1083-1086.
  9. ↑ BfR: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O104: H4: a first bacteriological brief portrait (pdf)
  10. ↑ Press release University Hospital Münster June 10, 2011: EHEC outbreak strain: Prof. Karch suspects humans as a reservoir
  11. ↑ a b P. Kaur, A. Chakraborti, A. Asea: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: An Emerging Enteric Food Borne Pathogen . In: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases . 2010, doi : 10.1155 / 2010/254159 .

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