Energy consumption labeling

This article relates to the efficiency classification of equipment; For the efficiency class of buildings see Energy Saving Ordinance # The EnEV 2013 .

The labeling of the energy consumption of different goods (devices, buildings, cars) is used to support the purchase decision by providing information about the energy efficiency during use. An important example is the EU energy label for electrical appliances. The manufacturers of large electrical appliances are obliged to attach energy labels to the appliances as additional information for purchasing decisions. An excerpt from the EU Directive 2010/30 / EU on the intention:

"Accurate, relevant and comparable information on the specific energy consumption of energy-related products should guide the choice of end users towards products that use the least amount of energy or other important resources or indirectly lead to lower consumption, and will therefore help manufacturers Take action to reduce the consumption of energy and other vital resources in the products they make. This information should also indirectly promote the efficient use of these products in order to contribute to the achievement of the EU target of increasing energy efficiency by 20%. In the absence of such information, market mechanisms alone will not be able to contribute to the rational use of energy and other important resources in these products. "

In addition to household appliances, motor vehicles are also equipped with energy labels; the specification of fuel consumption has been mandatory for a long time (see third mix = driving cycle). Here, heavier vehicles are allowed a higher consumption.

EU energy consumption labeling of washing machines

Energy efficiency class

The energy efficiency class (EEK) is an evaluation scale for the European energy label. This is intended to promote the sale of particularly energy-saving electrical appliances in the EU. The evaluation scale should provide information about the energy requirement ( electricity and other energy sources) and about additional properties of the device. The division of the rating scale into different classes is criticized for not depicting energy efficiency (see criticism )

The classification was based on a modification of the British and US school grading systems in rating classes from A to G, where A used to represent the best class (low demand) and G the worst (high demand).

For many device types, the definition of the reference device (energy efficiency index = 100%) came from 1998 and reflected the state of the art at that time. Thanks to technical advances in energy efficiency , more and more devices have received a good label. In 2003 the classes A + and A ++ were introduced for refrigerators, in 2011 the classes A +, A ++, A +++ were introduced for dishwashers, washing machines and televisions, and in 2011 the class A +++ was also introduced for refrigerators.

year	Classes
1994-2003	A to G
2003-2010	A ++ to G
2010 – today	A +++ to G
2021	A to G

In May 2010, the European Parliament passed a new regulation of the energy efficiency classes for household appliances that will apply from 2011, which includes the introduction of class A +++. New savings targets for buildings and electrical appliances were also passed. In addition to the new EU framework directive, product-specific EU regulations will regulate the specific labeling obligations from 2011.

As of September 2009, the EU Commission carried out representative market research in selected EU member states in order to examine different versions of the EU label with regard to their comprehensibility for private consumers. The Commission's proposals to introduce additional classes with the designations A-20% and A-40% were not approved by Parliament.

The revised EU energy consumption label applies (as of June 2016) to refrigerators and freezers, vacuum cleaners, lamps and lights, washing machines, washers and dryers, electric ovens, extractor hoods, dishwashers and air conditioning units. Televisions and wine storage cabinets are now also subject to labeling.

The EU also prescribes minimum standards. For example, the following applies to tumble dryers : Since November 2013, all new devices in retail have to meet at least the requirements of energy efficiency class C, and since November 2015 those of energy efficiency class B (class A +++ tumble dryers consume around 70% less electricity than class B devices).

In 2017, the EU Parliament decided to return to class labeling from A to G, i.e. abolishing A +++ etc. On August 1, 2017, the new EU Energy Label Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369) came into force. As a first step, the labeling for washing machines, refrigerators, dishwashers, TV sets and lighting will be revised. The new regulation is intended to bring more clarity for the consumer and is expected to be visible in stores from the beginning of 2020. In order to leave room for further leaps in efficiency, new devices should initially be assigned to a maximum of class B. In the meantime, however, the introduction has been postponed to March 1, 2021 with transition periods.

Assignment to the classes

Allocation to energy efficiency classes
(percentage of the energy consumption of a (fictitious) reference device)

Energy efficiency class	A +++		A ++		A +		A.		B.		C.		D.		E.		F.		G
Household refrigerators	<22		<33		<44		<55		<75		<95		<110		<125		<150		≥150
Lamps (unbundled)			≤11		≤17		≤24		≤60		≤80		≤95		> 95
TV	<10		<16		<23		<30		<42		<60		<80		<90		<100		≥100
Household washing machines	<46		<52		<59		<68		<77		<87		≥87
Household dishwashers	<50		<56		<63		<71		<80		<90		≥90
cars	<45		<54		<63		<72		<81		<90		<99		<108		<117		≥117
Energy efficiency class	A +++		A ++		A +		A.		B.		C.		D.		E.		F.		G
↑ Until July 1, 2014: <44 ↑ Beam angle> 120 °

To calculate the energy efficiency, size classes are first determined for different types of devices, e.g. for televisions according to the screen size and for refrigerators according to the volume. The assignment of a certain device to an energy efficiency class is then based on the deviation of its actual energy consumption from the reference value of its size class.

The energy requirements of fictitious reference devices are described in the relevant ordinances. Each device has to measure itself against the appropriate reference device and consumes only a fraction of the energy compared to this. This fraction is given by the energy efficiency index. The smaller the energy efficiency index, the more efficient the device is. Energy efficiency index areas are now combined into energy efficiency classes, as the table on the right shows.

Device types

In Germany, according to the Energy Consumption Labeling Ordinance (EnVKV), appropriate labeling is currently required for the following device types:

• Fridges and freezers (since July 2012 all new devices in retail must meet at least A + )
• Washing machines (since December 2013, new devices must meet at least A + )
• Clothes dryer
• dishwasher
• Lamps
• Room air conditioners
• Electric ovens
• cars
• TV
• Vacuum cleaner (As of January 19, 2019, vacuum cleaners can again be sold without an energy label.)
• Extractor hoods
• Water heater and hot water tank

It has already been decided to expand the label over the next few years for the following products:

• Residential ventilation systems
• commercial refrigerated shelves and chests, etc. Ä.
• Solid fuel boiler
• Electric heaters

The EU energy label must be clearly visible on the front or top of every device in the sales or showroom.

If it makes sense, other values ​​(such as water consumption) are also given on the energy efficiency label. Some of them have no effect on the energy efficiency class (but on the cost of use).

Refrigerators

In the case of cooling devices, they are assigned to an energy efficiency class based on the corrected usable content and device class.

In 2011, class A +++ was introduced for refrigerators.

year	Classes
1994-2003	A to G
2003-2010	A ++ to G
2010 – today	A +++ to G
from 2020	A to G

Heaters

From September 26, 2015, the efficiency of new heating systems must be made visible on the system by means of an energy label. Heating systems with solar or geothermal energy, biogas, wood or heat pumps achieve A + and A ++, while fossil-fired boilers reach classes A to G. From 2019, class A +++ will be added, while class G will be eliminated at the same time. From January 1, 2016, the new efficiency label will also apply to old heating systems.

The energy consumption labeling is regulated in the EU regulation (EU) No. 811/2013, which comes into force on September 26, 2015. It applies to electric, gas and oil boilers, heat pumps and block-type thermal power stations as well as water heaters and combinations of different heating devices. For biomass boilers, the regulation does not come into effect until April 2017 ^[outdated] .

lighting

Household lamps (regulation from 2013)

Luminous efficacy of the energy efficiency classes for lamps

Luminous efficiency linear over luminous flux

Limits of the energy efficiency classes for lamps

With regulation 874/2012, the EU changed the classes for electrical lamps and luminaires. The basis for calculating the energy efficiency of lamps is the luminous efficacy , i.e. the luminous flux in lumens per active power consumed in watts. The assignment then takes place indirectly as with other electrical devices (see above in assignment to the classes) by first calculating the fictitious reference value depending on the luminous flux:

${\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {R} }={\begin{cases}0{,}88\cdot {\sqrt {\Phi }}+0{,}049\cdot \Phi &{\mbox{ für Lampen mit }}\Phi <1300{\mbox{ lm}}\\0{,}07341\cdot \Phi &{\mbox{ für Lampen mit }}\Phi >1300{\mbox{ lm}}\end{cases}}}$

The actual output of the entire lamp (consumption) is set in relation to this reference value. This quotient, the energy efficiency index (EEI, percent of the energy consumption of a (fictitious) reference device) is assigned to a class using the table above.

When evaluating lamps and luminaires, there is basically the problem that the overall efficiency of the luminaire is reduced due to the losses of a ballast required for some lamps. In order to enable a classification of the pure lamp, certain efficiencies of the ballasts are assumed and these are added to the actual output of the luminaire with a correction factor (from 1.06 to 1.15 depending on the type).

This calculation method has changed compared to EU Directive 98/11 / EC in order to include the influence of ballasts. The classes A ++ and A + are newly introduced, the classes F and G have been dropped. In addition, the different radiation behavior of directional lighting (reflector lamps) is taken into account.

One change is particularly drastic for luminaires with built-in lamps , namely the removal of the obligation to provide consumers with information about energy efficiency (in Section 5). As a result, luminaires with permanently installed LED modules (this currently applies to practically all LED luminaires) now have an energy consumption label, which does not say anything about the energy efficiency class or about the power consumption. A curly bracket is simply placed over the upper (green) efficiency classes, which points to "LED"; whether the lamps contained therein also comply with these classes must be concealed.

The new labeling contains bracketed areas for lights, depending on which lamps can be used in them.

Regulation until September 1, 2013

Incandescent lamps as well as fluorescent lamps with and without integrated ballast are divided into energy efficiency classes. The classification of household lamps was made in EU Directive 98/11 / EC of January 27, 1998 and also included lamps that are not marketed for use in households. Excluded are u. a. Light sources with more than 6500 lumens of luminous flux (around 300 watts halogen or 70 watts for fluorescent lamps) and those that are not operated on mains voltage. To determine the energy efficiency class, proceed as follows (Φ denotes the luminous flux of the lamp in lumens (lm) and P the power consumption of the lamp in watts (W)):

Lamps are classified in class A if:

${\displaystyle P\leq 0{,}240\cdot {\sqrt {\Phi }}+0{,}0103\cdot \Phi .}$

Fluorescent lamps without an integrated ballast are assigned to class A if:

${\displaystyle P\leq 0{,}150\cdot {\sqrt {\Phi }}+0{,}0097\cdot \Phi .}$

The classification in the energy efficiency classes B – G is based on the share (energy efficiency index) of the reference output

${\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {R} }={\begin{cases}0{,}88\cdot {\sqrt {\Phi }}+0{,}049\cdot \Phi &{\mbox{ falls }}\Phi >34{\mbox{ lm}}\\0{,}2\cdot \Phi &{\mbox{ falls }}\Phi \leq 34{\mbox{ lm}}\end{cases}}}$

about the power consumption of a standard light bulb with the same luminous flux.

The assignment of the energy efficiency index to the energy efficiency class is given in the previous section.

Ballasts for fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps in various designs

Parts of this section appear to be out of date as of June 8, 2013 .
Please help to research and insert the missing information .

Most fluorescent lamps are powered by the above. Directive assigned to an energy efficiency class. Since April 2010, the necessary for their operation after the ballasts are Europe EEI ( E nergie- E ffizienz- I ndex) classified. The classification is regulated in the EC regulation 245/2009. This ordinance serves to implement the Ecodesign Directive 2005/32 / EC and contains a schedule for implementing the ecodesign requirements for fluorescent and high pressure discharge lamps and their ballasts.

The classification is based on the efficiency of the ballast:

${\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {Vorschalt} }=\!\ P_{\mathrm {Lampe} }/P_{\mathrm {Eingang} }.}$

The following table shows the five classes for non-dimmable ballasts; For dimmable ballasts there are two classes A1 and A1 BAT, which are assigned according to the degree of efficiency at 100% light output. The efficiency and system performance of two widely used fluorescent lamps are given:

Energy efficiency index and efficiency of lamp systems

EEI	description	Example system 36 W		Example system 58 W
		Efficiency	Input power	Efficiency	Input power
A2 BAT	Electronic ballasts with minimal losses	91.4%	35.0 W	93.0%	53.8 W
A2	Electronic ballasts with reduced losses	88.9%	36.0 W	90.9%	55.0 W
A1 BAT	Dimmable electronic ballasts (at 100%)
A3	Electronic ballasts	84.2%	38.0 W	84.7%	59.0 W
A1	Dimmable electronic ballasts (at 100%)
B1	Magnetic ballasts with very low losses	83.4%	43.2 W	86.1%	67.4 W
B2	Magnetic ballasts with low losses	79.5%	45.3 W	82.2%	70.6 W
Notes: The efficiency limit values ​​are taken from table 17 of EC regulation 245/2009, the input power was calculated. BAT stands for best available technology .

Even before the new regulation came into force in April 2010, CELMA proposed energy efficiency classes that would enable the application of Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC, which has since been superseded. At that time, labeling with the energy efficiency index was still voluntary. The CELMA EEI differ in value from the current ones in some cases and still contain classes C and D for magnetic ballasts, which, however, are no longer allowed to be placed on the market in accordance with EU Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC.

What is confusing about the new EU regulation for ballasts is the use of designations from EU Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC, which expired in 2010, although they do not mean the same thing. Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC specified limits for the system performance (power consumption lamp with ballast) and thereby divided the ballasts into energy efficiency classes, EEI classes. The state of the art, which is still current today, was defined in classes A1, A2, A3 for EVG and B1, B2 for VVG ballasts.

The new Directive 2005/32 / EC has also included these designations in table 17 of the regulation since April 2010 in the first, from 2012 and 2017 in two further stages, but means the efficiency of the ballasts without a lamp, not a given technology such as VVG or EVG.

Car

See also : Passenger Car Energy Consumption Labeling Ordinance

Limits of the energy efficiency classes for cars

The ordinance on CO ₂ labeling for cars came into force on December 1, 2011. Since then, a car exhibited or offered for sale or leasing has to be provided with the associated CO ₂ label on the vehicle or in its immediate vicinity, which indicates its efficiency class. In the case of cars, the size classification is based on the vehicle weight. This determines a CO ₂ reference value. The reference value R in grams of CO ₂ per km is given by the following numerical equation with the mass M of the vehicle in running order in kilograms, expressed as:

${\displaystyle R=36{,}59079+0{,}08987\cdot M}$

The percentage deviation from the reference value (≤ -37% to> +17.01%) assigns the vehicle to one of the eight efficiency classes from A + to G (A – F in the range -36.99% to +17% with a subdivision of 8.99%).

Sizing

In the case of cars, the mass of the ready-to-drive vehicle was used for the size classification.

Both the Auto Club Europa (ACE) and the Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) and the consumer advice center Baden-Württemberg criticize the classification as misleading, as the absolute CO ₂ emissions are rated too low. In the opinion of Deutsche Umwelthilfe , German consumption labeling fails to meet the requirements of EU Directive 1999/94 / EC on the provision of information about fuel consumption and CO ₂ emissions in passenger vehicles. The aim of this directive consumers to purchase CO ₂ to stop low carbon vehicles would thwarted by the betterment of heavier and highly motorized vehicles.

For example, the Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid with 279 kW (380 PS), a top speed of 242 km / h, CO ₂ emissions of 193 g / km and a vehicle weight of 2.3 t is classified in efficiency class B. The Toyota Aygo or the Peugeot 107 with a consumption of 4.5 l / 100 km and CO ₂ emissions of 106 g / km are classified in efficiency class D.

In July 2013, the European Court of Justice ruled that the Federal Ministry of Economics had to give DUH access to files on the coming into being of the law and the influence of the car lobby.

General criticism

The following important information is missing from this article or section:

There is no reference to anything better than the plus signs, namely the requirement to state by how many classes the labeled product lags behind the current "top runner", the product with the lowest energy consumption (see discussion).

Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

The neutrality of this article or section is disputed. A reason is given on the discussion page . You can get more information here .

The criticism primarily concerns the division of consumption values ​​into efficiency classes. There is a suspicion that the actual meaning of the labeling according to EU Directive 2010/30 / EU is being missed, namely "relevant and comparable information about the specific energy consumption of [...] products should guide the end consumers' choice of products that are Use the least energy [...] consume [...]. "

The classification of energy efficiency is neither transparent, since the classification and calculation basis, which changes depending on the date of the directive, is difficult to access, nor are the calculations themselves comprehensible. For example, efficiency values ​​that indicate consumption for benefit, such as B. the consumption in watts of household appliances or the fuel consumption of cars, for two reasons more relevant for comparison, without a classification. On the one hand, the classification of the classes, which is different for each product area, does not have a linear relationship (see washing machines) to the value used as the efficiency value (sometimes just the consumption in watts). On the other hand, this calculated efficiency value, which is used as an input value for the classification, includes other variables that have nothing to do with the actual energy efficiency. So the weight is included in the car. Although one does not save energy with a higher weight, such heavy cars can achieve the best class even though they consume more than double that of lighter cars, which are given a bad class. Of course, heavier cars also need more resources to manufacture.

This is in contrast to the intention of the directive: “A […] information (label) should direct the choice of end users to products which, when used, consume the least energy or other important resources or which indirectly lead to lower consumption In this way, induce manufacturers to take measures that reduce the consumption of energy and other important resources in the products they manufacture ”, since one is more likely to“ steer ”heavier vehicles regardless of consumption, and thus the manufacturer shies away from taking appropriate measures. This obvious signature of the manufacturer lobby damages trust in the EU labeling. In some product areas, the actual energy efficiency values, such as consumption or efficiency (lumens / watt for lamps), are not even required to provide information, so these are kept secret, although they are known to the manufacturer, as they are used to calculate the class becomes.

Large household appliances

Although large household appliances have had to bear the energy consumption label since 1998, the label itself is out of date. In the case of devices that have achieved energy efficiency class A, an efficient use of the energy that can hardly be improved is suggested, since the scale is closed in both directions (A – G), which is no reason for manufacturers to improve when class A is reached. The possible extension using levels A + to A +++ for some device classes, which is often used in Germany, is not easy to understand for those interested.

lighting

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Criticism formulated in this way, in particular, requires valid sources.

With Regulation 874/201, the EU partially abandoned the obligation to provide consumers with information about energy efficiency (LED lights see above). This means that the buyer can in no way tell whether an LED light is even more efficient than an ordinary fluorescent tube. But also for the remaining part (lamps), from an ecological perspective, absolute key figures such as power requirement in watts or power in relation to the benefit, such as B. the light output required. Such indicators are hidden behind the label. Ecological awareness also has to do with the extent to which the buyer has a feeling for a technical parameter or develops it. However, if such a value is not specified and one is dependent on incomprehensible coding, an awareness of it cannot develop, especially not if the coding is constantly changing. Before the European Energy Labeling Ordinance, most electrical products simply stated their power consumption in watts. This important information is no longer subject to labeling for all devices. Even in the case of lamps, this usual output is given in a new unit that is now subject to labeling in work in kWh per 1000 h. The scaling of the classes (C to A +++) is completely different depending on the product group, so with dishwashers you have a saving of 3% between one scaling step, while with lamps of class B it covers 60%. This means that you can buy two lamps of identical class B, while one consumes 150% more (i.e. 2.5 times) electricity. In fact, Philips had sold halogen lamps with efficiency class B at the time as being economical, even though they used around three times as much electricity as an ordinary energy-saving lamp.

Televisions

The Stiftung Warentest noted in October 2011 that the measurement conditions for televisions are not standardized, as the image brightness is left to the manufacturers. By lowering the image brightness using the default settings, manufacturers can reduce the device's energy consumption at the expense of image quality and thus obtain a better label.

literature

• Dirk Wüstenberg: Car energy consumption labeling on the Internet - current legal situation and case law. In: Competition in Law and Practice (WRP), 2014, pp. 533-540.
• Dirk Wüstenberg: The energy consumption labeling of televisions and monitors on the Internet - current legal situation and case law . In: Competition in Law and Practice (WRP), 2015, pp. 833–845.

Web links

Commons : Energy efficiency labels  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• EU Energy Label website
• Portal of the Federal Environment Agency around the EU energy consumption labels
• Overview of the labeling requirements for online retailers and relevance under competition law
• Criticism from Stiftung Warentest on the energy label. In: test.de , June 28, 2006
• Brochure "Particularly economical household appliances" from the consumer center for energy advice in cooperation with the low energy institute - consumer center for energy advice
• The labeling of lamps and luminaires from September 1, 2013
• OLG Hamburg: No labeling requirement for low-voltage lamps
• Calculate the energy efficiency class according to the Passenger Car EnVKV

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Federal Ministry of Economics ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 1, 2010 
2. ↑ Car Labeling Saves Energy (CLASE). Energy pass for the car - support for the implementation of the EU directive on consumer information when buying a new car ( memento of August 13, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Austrian Energy Agency, 2005.
3. ↑ Energy efficiency classes for cars: Planned labeling under criticism ( Memento from September 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: konsumo.de , September 1, 2010.
4. ↑ German car energy consumption labeling violates EU law. Deutsche Umwelthilfe, press release from June 28, 2011.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} EU shows new label for power guzzlers. ( Memento of the original from May 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Rheinische Post , May 18, 2010, accessed on December 19, 2011. 
6. ↑ Directive 2010/30 / EU (…) on the indication of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products using standardized labels and product information , accessed on July 1, 2010
7. ↑ Federal Ministry of Economics ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 1, 2010 
8. ↑ Comprehensibility and influencing factors for various options for the graphic redesign of the EU-standard energy consumption labeling (EU label). (PDF; 1.8 MB) (No longer available online.) In: dena.de. Forsa , September 30, 2009; archived from the original on June 10, 2016 ; accessed on June 10, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ EU label: A +++ for a quick overview. In: Klimaretter.info , November 18, 2009, accessed on May 9, 2018.
10. ↑ EU energy label. In: German Energy Agency (dena) - Energy Efficiency Private Households Initiative. Retrieved June 10, 2016 . 
11. ↑ New energy label for tumble dryers. ( Memento of the original from August 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dena.de 
12. ↑ heise.de
13. ↑ BMUB: A scale from A to G puts an end to A +++. In: press release. Federal Environment Ministry, August 1, 2017, accessed on August 26, 2017 . 
14. ↑ Introduction of the new energy label will be postponed. German Consumer Association V., March 11, 2019, accessed November 26, 2019 . 
15. ^ BMWI: The new energy label.  
16. ↑ Regulation (EU) No. 1060/2010 of the Commission of September 28, 2010 supplementing Directive 2010/30 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the labeling of household refrigerators with regard to energy consumption (PDF)
17. ↑ Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 874/2012 of the Commission of July 12, 2012 to supplement Directive 2010/30 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the energy labeling of electrical lamps and luminaires (PDF)
18. ↑ Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 1062/2010 of the Commission of September 28, 2010 to supplement Directive 2010/30 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the labeling of televisions with regard to energy consumption (PDF)
19. ↑ Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 1061/2010 of the Commission of September 28, 2010 supplementing Directive 2010/30 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the labeling of household washing machines with regard to energy consumption (PDF)
20. ↑ Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 1059/2010 of the Commission of September 28, 2010 to supplement Directive 2010/30 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the labeling of household dishwashers with regard to energy consumption (PDF)
21. ↑ BGBl. 2011 I p. 1756
22. ↑ EU energy consumption labeling for televisions. Federal Environment Agency
23. ↑ EU energy consumption labeling for refrigerators and freezers. Federal Environment Agency
24. ↑ Energy Consumption Labeling Ordinance - EnVKV (Annex I)
25. ↑ FAZ.net January 22, 2019: Vacuum cleaners can be sold again even without an energy label
26. ↑ AEE: EU energy label for heating systems: Renewables for A + and A ++. Press release from September 25, 2015.
27. ↑ ^{a b} Regulation (EU) No. 874/2012 of July 12, 2012
28. ↑ Directive 98/11 / EC (…) implementing Council Directive 92/75 / EEC on energy labeling for household lamps , accessed on November 28, 2012
29. ↑ ^{a b} Regulation (EC) No. 245/2009 (...) environmentally friendly design of fluorescent lamps without built-in ballast, high-pressure discharge lamps as well as ballasts and luminaires for their operation (...) , accessed on July 16, 2009
30. ↑ Celma_Brochure_german_5-5-03.pdf CELMA - Guide for the application of Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
31. ↑ Directive 2000/55 / ​​EC (…) on energy efficiency requirements for ballasts for fluorescent lamps , accessed on March 2, 2010
32. ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 245/2009 , March 18, 2009.
33. ↑ Ordinance ( Memento of the original dated February 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology. 
34. ↑ Energy efficiency classes for cars: Planned labeling under criticism ( Memento from September 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: konsumo.de , September 1, 2010.
35. ↑ German car energy consumption labeling violates EU law. Deutsche Umwelthilfe, press release from June 28, 2011.
36. ↑ The European Court of Justice is concerned with the background to car consumption labeling. Deutsche Umwelthilfe, press release of October 4, 2011, see DUH press archive .
37. ↑ Federal Ministry of Economics ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 1, 2010 
38. ↑ Article on the EU energy label. In: hauswirtschaft.info , accessed on October 4, 2012.
39. ↑ Stiftung Warentest: TV manufacturers trick with the energy label. In: test.de , November 30, 2011.