Boarfish

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Boarfish
Boarfish in an aquarium at Aquazoo Düsseldorf

Boarfish in an aquarium at Aquazoo Düsseldorf

Systematics
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Surgeonfish (Acanthuriformes)
Family : Caproidae
Genre : Capros
Type : Boarfish
Scientific name of the  family
Caproidae
Lowe , 1843
Scientific name of the  genus
Capros
Lacépède , 1802
Scientific name of the  species
Capros aperitif
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The boarfish ( Capros aper ) is a small marine fish that is native to the eastern North Atlantic from the coast of southern Norway to Senegal. It also lives in the Mediterranean , especially in the western part and in the Skagerrak , but not in the North Sea . The schooling fish can be found at depths of 40 to 700 meters above rocky bottom, sandy areas or coral reefs.

features

The boarfish should be a maximum of 30 centimeters long, but usually remains 13 to 15 centimeters long. Males stay smaller than the female fish. The boarfish is tall and brick-red in color. The forehead is concave. Its eyes are large, the muzzle pointed and as long as the diameter of the eye. The mouth can be extended very far (protractile) and then forms a short tube with which the prey consisting of pelagic crustaceans and worms is sucked in. The first, hard-edged dorsal fin is supported by nine to ten fin rays, the soft-rayed by 23 to 25 fin rays. The hard-edged dorsal fin is higher than the soft-rayed. The anal fin has three hard and 22 to 24 soft rays.

Systematics

The boarfish was first described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné under the name Zeus aper together with the Peter's fish ( Zeus faber ). In the year the French naturalist Bernard Germain Lacépède introduced the genus Capros , which has remained monotypical ever since . In 1843 the English naturalist Richard Thomas Lowe described the family Caproidae together with the genus Antigonia , which became the second genus of Caproidae next to Capros . The family of the Caproidae was traditionally placed in the order of the St. Peter's fish-like (Zeiformes), later at times assigned to the perch-like (Perciformes) or placed in a separate order, the Caproiformes.

The genus Antigonia is not particularly closely related to the boarfish, however, and the assignment of the two genera to a family was only provisional. The Australian ichthyologists Anthony Gill and Jeffrey M. Leis introduced in October 2019, the family Antigoniidae one with Antigonia the only way. At the same time they made the Caproidae and Antigoniidae in the order of Doctor Fishy (Acanthuriformes). Antigonia and the boarfish share a unique trait ( synapomorphism ) with the rest of the surgeonfish , which was used to diagnose order. In the larvae and adult specimens of Antigonia , Capros and the other surgeonfish species, the regrowing teeth grow on the outside of the jaw and replace their predecessors in groups.

literature

  • Bent J. Muus, Jørgen G. Nielsen: The marine fish of Europe in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Atlantic. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  2. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
  3. ^ Joseph S. Nelson, Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 , page 507.
  4. ↑ Anthony Gill & Jeffrey M. Leis (2019): Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys , with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology. Zootaxa, 4680 (1): 1-81. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4680.1.1

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